Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 5,508

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Comparing Media Systems: Three Models of Media and Politics

Hallin, Daniel C., Mancini, Paolo·2004·Cambridge University Press eBooks
DOI 10.1017/cbo9780511790867
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Building on a survey of media institutions in eighteen West European and North American democracies, Hallin and Mancini identify the principal dimensions of variation in media systems and the political variables which have shaped their evolution. They go on to identify three major models of media system development (the Polarized Pluralist, Democratic Corporatist and Liberal models) to explain why the media have played a different role in politics in each of these systems, and to explore the forces of change that are currently transforming them. It provides a key theoretical statement about the relation between media and political systems, a key statement about the methodology of comparative analysis in political communication and a clear overview of the variety of media institutions that have developed in the West, understood within their political and historical context.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1017/cbo9780511790867

Cites

2 of 2 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 2 references

Research works printed but not linked: 306

  1. Poggioli, Sylvia (1991). “The Media in Europe after 1992: A Case Study of La Repubblica.” Cambridge, MA: Joan Shorenstein Barone Center on Press, Politics and Public Policy, Discussion Paper D-11
  2. Newton, Kenneth and Nigel Artingstall (1994). “Government and Private Censorship in Nine Western Democracies in the 1970s and 1980s.” In I. Budge and D. McKay, eds., Developing Democracy: Comparative Research in Honor of J. F. P. Blondel, pp. 297–321. London: Sage
  3. 10.1177/0267323199014003004 · doi:10.1177/0267323199014003004
  4. 10.2307/2574332 · DOI
  5. Lipset, Seymour M. and Rokkan Stein (1967). Party Systems and Voter Alignments: Cross-National Perspectives. New York: Free Press
  6. Lijpahrt, Arendt (1977). Democracy in Plural Societies. New Haven: Yale University Press
  7. Johansson, Egil (1981). “The History of Literacy in Sweden.” In H. Graff, ed., Literacy and Social Development in the West. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
  8. Frieberg, J. W. (1981). The French Press: Class, State and Ideology. New York: Praeger
  9. Ericson, Richard V., Patricia M. Baranek, and Janet B. L. Chan (1987). Visualizing Deviance: A Study of News Organization. Toronto: University of Toronto Press
  10. Eisenstein, Elizabeth (1983). The Printing Revolution in Early Modern Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
  11. Dalton, Russell J. and Martin P. Wattenberg (2000). Parties without Partisans: Political Change in Advanced Industrial Democracies. New York: Oxford University Press
  12. Curran, James and Myung-Jin Park (2000). De-Westernizing Media Studies. London: Routledge
  13. Curran, James (1978). “The Press as an Agency of Social Control: An Historical Perspective.” In G. Boyce, J. Curran, and P. Wingate, eds., Newspaper History: From the Seventeenth Century to the Present Day, pp. 51–75. London: Constable
  14. 10.1177/016344389011002003 · doi:10.1177/016344389011002003
  15. 10.4324/9780203181775 · DOI · Paper page
  16. 10.1080/10714429609388270 · doi:10.1080/10714429609388270
  17. 10.1080/14616700118449 · DOI · Paper page
  18. Hallin, Daniel C. (1986). The “Uncensored War”: The Media and Vietnam. New York: Oxford University Press
  19. 10.1177/016344395017002004 · doi:10.1177/016344395017002004
  20. Curry, Jane Leftwich (1990). Poland's Journalists: Professionalization and Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511557736
  21. Butler, David and Dennis Kavanagh (1997). The British General Election of 1997. London: Macmillan · doi:10.1007/978-1-349-26040-9
  22. Flanagan, Scott and Russell Dalton J. (1990). “Parties under Stress.” In P. Maier, ed., The West European Party System, pp. 232–46. New York: Oxford University Press
  23. Cook, Timothy E. (1998). Governing with the News: The News Media as a Political Institution. Chicago: University of Chicago Press
  24. Kruuse, Helle Nissen (n.d.). “Press Ethics in Denmark.” Danish School of Journalism: www.djh.dk [downloaded February 2002]
  25. Tunstall, Jeremy (1993). Television Producers. London: Routledge
  26. Gagnon, Lysane (1981). “Journalism and Ideologies in Québec.” In Royal Commission on the Press, The Journalists. Ottawa: Minister of Supply and Services Canada
  27. 10.1177/146488490100200201 · DOI · Paper page
  28. Østbye, 1991, Norwegian Media in the 1980s, The Nordicom Review, 2, 10
  29. Pritchard, David and Florian Savageau (1998). “The Journalists and Journalisms of Canada.” In D. H. Weaver, ed., The Global Journalist: News People Around the World, pp. 373–93. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press
  30. 10.1080/105846000198503 · doi:10.1080/105846000198503
  31. Morlino, Leonardo and José Montero R.(1995). “Legitimacy and Democracy in Southern Europe.” In R. Gunther, P. N. Diamandouros, and H.-J. Puhle, eds., The Politics of Democratic Consolidation: Southern Europe in Comparative Perspective, pp. 231–60. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press
  32. Thogmartin, Clyde (1998). The National Daily Press of France. Birmingham, AL: Summa Publications
  33. McLachlan, Shelly and Peter Golding (2000). “Tabloidization and the British Press: A Quantitative Investigation into Changes in British Newspapers, 1952–1997.” In C. Sparks and J. Tulloch, eds., Tabloid Tales: Global Debates Over Media Standards, pp. 75–90. Oxford: Rowman and Littlefield
  34. Lijphart, Arend (1999). Patterns of Democracy: Government Forms and Performance in Thirty-Six Countries. New Haven: Yale University Press
  35. Lægried, Per and Johan Olsen P. (1984). “Top Civil Servants in Norway.” In E. Suleiman, ed., Bureaucrats and Policymaking: A Comparative Overview, pp. 206–41. New York: Holmes and Meyer
  36. Farrell, David M. and Paul Webb (2000). “Political Parties as Campaign Organizations.” In R. J. Dalton and M. P. Wattenberg, eds., Parties Without Partisans: Political Change in Advanced Industrial Democracies, pp. 102–12. New York: Oxford University Press
  37. Schoenbach, Klaus, Dieter Stuerzebecher, and Beate Schneider (1998). “German Journalists in the Early 1990s: East and West.” In D. H. Weaver, ed., The Global Journalist, pp. 213–27. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press
  38. Wolland, Steingrim (1993). “Press Law in Norway.” In Press Law and Practice. London: Article XIX
  39. Smythe, Ted Curtis (1980). “The Reporter, 1880–1900: Working Conditions and Their Influence on the News.” Journalism History 7 · DOI
  40. Seaton, Jean and Ben Pimlott (1980). “The Role of the Media in the Portuguese Revolution.” In A. Smith, ed., Newspapers and Democracy, pp. 174–99. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
  41. Hardt, Hanno (1979). Social Theories of the Press: Early German and American Perspectives. Beverly Hills: Sage
  42. Featherling, Douglas (1990). The Rise of the Canadian Newspaper. Toronto: Oxford University Press
  43. 10.1007/978-1-349-16073-0_6 · doi:10.1007/978-1-349-16073-0_6
  44. McQuail, Denis (1993). “Dutch Public Service Broadcasting.” In R. K. Avery, ed., Public Service Broadcasting in a Multichannel Environment: The History and Survival of an Ideal, pp. 75–92. New York: Longman
  45. Gundle, Stephen (2000). Between Hollywood and Moscow: The Italian Communists and the Challenge of Mass Culture, 1943–1991. Durham NC: Duke University Press · doi:10.1215/9780822380344
  46. Levy, Leonard W. (1985). The Emergence of a Free Press. New York: Oxford University Press
  47. Inglehart, Ronald (1977). The Silent Revolution: Changing Values and Political Styles among Western Publics. Princeton: Princeton University Press
  48. Brants, Kees and Karen Siune (1998). “Politicization in Decline?” In D. McQuail and K. Siune, eds., Media Policy: Convergence, Concentration and Commerce, pp. 128–43. London: Sage
  49. 10.1080/14616700050028235 · doi:10.1080/14616700050028235
  50. Nerone, John C., ed. (1995). Last Rights: Revisiting Four Theories of the Press. Urbana: University of Illinois Press
  51. Clark, Charles E. (1994). The Public Prints: The Newspaper in Anglo-American Culture, 1665–1740. New York: Oxford University Press · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195082333.001.0001
  52. Gunther, Richard, P. Nikiforos Diamandouros, and Hans-Jürgen Puhle, eds. (1995). The Politics of Democratic Consolidation: Southern Europe in Comparative Perspective. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press
  53. Carty, R. K. (1981). Party and Parish Pump: Electoral Politics in Ireland. Waterloo, Ontario: Wilfred Laurier University Press
  54. Panebianco, Angelo (1988). Political Parties: Organization and Power. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
  55. Brown, Stephen J. (1991). The Press in Ireland: A Survey and Guide [first published 1937]. New York: Lemma Publishing
  56. Neveu, Erik (2002). “The Four Generations of Political Journalism.” In R. Kuhn and E. Neveu, eds., Political Journalism. New Challenges. New Practices. London: Routledge
  57. Weibull, 1991, Signs of Change. Swedish Media in Transition, Nordicom Review, 2, 37
  58. Waisbord, Silvio (2000). Watchdog Journalism in South America: News, Accountability and Democracy. New York: Columbia University Press
  59. 10.1177/0267323198013002004 · doi:10.1177/0267323198013002004
  60. Schiller, Herbert I. (1973). The Mind Managers. Boston: Beacon Press · doi:10.3817/0973017185
  61. Porter, William E. (1976). Assault on the Media: The Nixon Years. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press
  62. Smith, A. C. H. with Elizabeth Immirzi and Trevor Blackwell (1975). Paper Voices: The Popular Press and Social Change 1935–1965. Totowa, NJ: Rowman and Littlefield
  63. Henningham, John and Anthony Delano (1998). “British Journalists.” In D. H. Weaver, ed., The Global Journalist: News People Around the World, pp. 143–60. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press
  64. Dahl, Robert A. and Charles E. Lindblom (1976). Politics, Economics, and Welfare. Chicago: University of Chicago Press
  65. 10.2307/139794 · doi:10.2307/139794
  66. Durkheim, Émile (1965). The Rules of Sociological Method. New York: Free Press
  67. 10.1177/0267323101016004004 · doi:10.1177/0267323101016004004
  68. Baldasty, Gerald J. (1992). The Commercialization of News in the Nineteenth Century. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press
  69. Van Lenthe, Francine and Ineke Boerefin (1993). “Press Law in the Netherlands.” In Press Law and Practice. London: Article XIX
  70. 10.1023/A:1006982529917 · DOI · Paper page
  71. 10.1353/gso.2003.0016 · DOI
  72. Briggs, Asa and Peter Burke (2002). A Social History of the Media: From Gutenberg to the Internet. Cambridge: Polity
  73. 10.1177/016344300022004004 · doi:10.1177/016344300022004004
  74. 10.1177/0267323198013003004 · DOI · Paper page
  75. Putnam, Robert D. (1973). The Beliefs of Politicians: Ideology, Conflict and Democracy in Britain and Italy. New Haven: Yale University Press
  76. Caruso, 2000, La ‘Par Condicio’ in Francia, Germania, Regno Unito e Spagna, Comunicazione Politica, 1, 99
  77. Schiller, Dan (1981). Objectivity and the News: The Public and the Rise of the Commercial Journalism. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press
  78. Mundt, Whitney R. (1991). “Global Media Philosophies.” In J. C. Merrill, ed., Global Journalism: Survey of International Communication, pp. 11–27. White Plains, NY: Longman
  79. Porter, Vincent and Suzanne Hasselbach (1991). Pluralism, Politics, and the Marketplace: The Regulation of German Broadcasting. London: Routledge
  80. Moog, Sandra and Jeffrey Sluyter-Beltrao (in press). “The Transformation of Political Communication?” In B. Axelrod and R. Huggins., eds., New Media and Politics. London: Sage
  81. Tsan-Kuo, 2001, Comparing Nations in Mass Communication Research, 1970–97: A Critical Assessment of How We Know What We Know, Gazzette, 63, 415, 10.1177/0016549201063005004 · doi:10.1177/0016549201063005004
  82. Pew Research Center for the People and the Press (2003). “Public Wants Neutrality and Pro-American Point of View.” [News Release.] Washington, DC, July 13
  83. 10.1177/009365083010003002 · doi:10.1177/009365083010003002
  84. Grossman, Michael Baruch and Sandra Joynt Kumar (1981). Portraying the President: The White House and the News Media. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press
  85. Evans, Peter (1997). Embedded Autonomy: States and Industrial Transformation. Princeton: Princeton University Press
  86. 10.1177/0267323192007002003 · doi:10.1177/0267323192007002003
  87. Sartori, Giovanni (1976). Parties and Party Systems: A Framework for Analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
  88. Åsard, Erik and W. Lance Bennett (1997). Democracy and the Marketplace of Ideas: Communication and Government in Sweden and the United States. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press · DOI
  89. Borre, Ole (1995). “Scope-of-Government Beliefs and Political Support.” In O. Borre and E. Scarbrough, eds., The Scope of Government, pp. 343–66. Oxford: Oxford University Press
  90. Block, Fred (1987). Revising State Theory: Essays in Politics and Postindustrialism. Philadelphia: Temple University Press
  91. 10.1111/j.1460-2466.1992.tb00775.x · doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1992.tb00775.x
  92. Mancini, Paolo (2000c). “Political Complexity and Alternative Models of Journalism: The Italian Case.” In J. Curran and M.-J. Park, eds., De-Westernizing Media Studies, pp. 265–78. London: Routledge
  93. 10.1177/016344301023002005 · doi:10.1177/016344301023002005
  94. 10.1177/001654929204900104 · doi:10.1177/001654929204900104
  95. Kuhn, Raymond (1995). The Media in France. London: Routledge
  96. Barbrook, Richard (1995). Media Freedom: The Contradictions of Communication in the Age of Modernity. London: Pluto Press
  97. Curran, 1996, Fianna Fáil and the Origins of The Irish Press, Irish Communications Review, 6, 7
  98. Rodriguez, América (1999). Making Latino News: Race, Language, Class. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage · DOI · Paper page
  99. Siebert, Fred S., Theodore Peterson, and Wilbur Schramm (1956). Four Theories of the Press. Urbana: University of Illinois Press
  100. Carr, Raymond (1980). Modern Spain, 1875–1980. New York: Oxford University Press
  101. Kernell, Samuel (1986). Going Public: New Strategies of Presidential Leadership. Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly Press
  102. Nord, David Paul (2001). Communities of Journalism: A History of American Newspapers and Their Readers. Urbana: University of Illinois Press
  103. Mancini, Paolo (1991). “The Public Sphere and the Use of News in a ‘Coalition’ System of Government.'” In P. Dahlgren and C. Sparks, eds., Communication and Citizenship: Journalism and the Public Sphere in the New Media Age, 137–54. London: Routledge
  104. 10.1177/016344397019003006 · DOI
  105. Herstgaard, Mark (1988). On Bended Knee: The Press and the Reagan Presidency. New York: Farrar Straus Giroux
  106. Tracey, Michael (1998). The Decline and Fall of Public Service Broadcasting. New York: Oxford University Press · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198159254.001.0001
  107. Eisenstein, Elizabeth (1979). The Printing Press as an Agent of Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press · DOI · Paper page
  108. De Bens, Els and Vibeke Petersen (1992). “Models of Local Media Development.” In K. Siune and W. Truetzschler, eds., Dynamics of Media Politics: Broadcast and Electronic Media in Western Europe, pp. 154–78. London: Sage
  109. 10.1177/0267323192007001006 · doi:10.1177/0267323192007001006
  110. Saint-Jean, Armande (1998). “Journalistic Ethics and Referendum Coverage in Montreal.” In G. Robinson, ed., Constructing the Quebec Referendum: French and English Media Voices, pp. 37–51. Toronto: University of Toronto Press · doi:10.3138/9781487580490-004
  111. 10.1177/009365083010003003 · doi:10.1177/009365083010003003
  112. George, Alexander L. (1979). “Case Studies and Theory Development: The Method of Structured Focussed Comparison.” In P. G. Lauren, ed., Diplomatic History: New Approaches. New York: The Free Press
  113. Holz-Bacha, Christina (2002). “Internal Press Freedom in Germany: What Has Been Achieved after Struggling for More Than 30 Years?” Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Intenational Communication Association, Seoul, July 14
  114. Ricuperati, G. (1981). “I giornalisti italiani fra poteri e cultura dalle origini all'Unità.” In AA. VV., Storia d'Italia, pp. 1085–132. Torino: Einaudi
  115. Pedelty, Mark (1995). War Stories: The Culture of Foreign Correspondents. London: Routledge
  116. Michnik, 1995, Samizdat Goes Public, Media Studies Journal, 9, 69
  117. van der Eijk, Cees (2000). “The Netherlands: Media and Politics between Segmented Pluralism and Market Forces.” In R. Gunther and A. Mughan, eds., Democracy and the Media, pp. 303–42. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
  118. Baker, C. Edwin (1994). Advertising and a Democratic Press. Princeton: Princeton University Press
  119. Lijphart, Arend (1968). The Politics of Accommodation. Berkeley: University of California Press · DOI · Paper page
  120. Weaver, David and G. Cleveland Wilhoit (1991). “Journalists in the United States.” In D. H. Weaver, ed., The Global Journalist, pp. 395–414. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press
  121. 10.1177/0267323186001001004 · doi:10.1177/0267323186001001004
  122. Budge, Ian (1996). “Great Britain and Ireland.” In J. Colomer, ed., Political Institutions in Europe, pp. 18–61. London: Routledge
  123. Schiller, Herbert I. (1976). Communication and Cultural Domination. White Plains, NY: International Arts and Sciences Press
  124. Hoynes, William (1994). Public Television for Sale: Media, the Market and the Public Sphere. Boulder, CO: Westview Press
  125. 10.1177/0267323197012003003 · doi:10.1177/0267323197012003003
  126. Esping-Andersen, G⊘sta (1985). Politics Against Markets: The Social Democratic Road to Power. Princeton: Princeton University Press
  127. Hackett, Robert A. and Yuezhi Zhao (1998). Sustaining Democracy? Journalism and the Politics of Objectivity. Toronto: Garamond Press · DOI
  128. 10.1177/0267323197012002001 · DOI
  129. 10.1177/003232927700700402 · DOI · Paper page
  130. Bourdieu, Pierre (1998). On Television. New York: The New Press
  131. Murdock, Graham and Peter Golding (1977). “Capitalism, Communication and Class Relations.” In J. Curran, M. Gurevitch, and J. Woollacott, eds., Mass Communication and Society, pp. 12–43. London: Sage
  132. Negrine, Ralph (1994). Politics and the Mass Media in Britain. London: Routledge
  133. Donsbach, 1995, Lapdogs, Watchdogs and Junkyard Dogs, Media Studies Journal, 9, 17
  134. 10.2307/421297 · DOI · Paper page
  135. Errera, Roger (1993). “Press Law in France,” in Article XIX, Press Law and Practice: A Comparative Study of Press Freedom in European and Other Democracies. London: Article XIX
  136. Gerth, H. H. and C. Wright Mills (1946). From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology. New York: Oxford University Press
  137. Article ⅪX (1993). Press Law and Practice. London: Article XIX
  138. Danziger, 1986, The Right of Reply in the United States and Europe, New York University Journal of International Law and Politics, 19, 171
  139. Ortiz, David (1995). Opposition Voices in Regency Spain: Liberalism, the Press and the Public Sphere, 1885–1902. Ph. D. diss., University of California, San Diego
  140. Canel, María José and Antoni PiquéM. (1998). “Journalists in Emerging Democracies: The Case of Spain.” In David H. Weaver, ed., The Global Journalist: News People Around the World, pp. 299–319. Creskill, NJ: Hampton Press
  141. Sonninen, P. and T. Laitila (1995). “Press Councils in Europe.” University of Tampere: Department of Journalism and Mass Communication
  142. 10.1177/1081180X00005004003 · doi:10.1177/1081180x00005004003
  143. Hickey, Neil (1998). “Is Fox News Fair?” Columbia Journalism Review March/April: 30–5
  144. 10.1080/14616700120021838 · doi:10.1080/14616700120021838
  145. Luhmann, Niklas (2000). The Reality of the Mass Media. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press · DOI · Paper page
  146. Rospir, Juan I. (1996). “Political Communication and Electoral Campaigns in the Young Spanish Democracy.” In D. Swanson and P. Mancini eds., Politics, Media and Modern Democracy, pp. 155–69. Westport, CT: Praeger · doi:10.5040/9798400698873.ch-008
  147. Salokangas, 1999, From Political to National, Regional and Local, Nordicom Review, 20, 31
  148. 10.1177/1081180X96001002005 · doi:10.1177/1081180x96001002005
  149. Gustafsson, Karl-Erik and Stig Hadenius (1976). Swedish Press Policy. Stockholm: The Swedish Institute
  150. Gustafsson, Karl-Erik (1980). “The Press Subsidies of Sweden: A Decade of Experiment.” In A. Smith, ed., Newspapers and Democracy. International Essays on a Changing Medium, pp. 104–26. Cambridge, CT: MIT Press
  151. Maxwell, Richard (1995). The Spectacle of Democracy: Spanish Television, Nationalism and Political Transition. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press
  152. 10.2307/2573002 · DOI · Paper page
  153. Mair, Peter (1997). Party System Change: Approaches and Interpretations. Oxford: Clarendon Press · DOI · Paper page
  154. Weaver, David H., ed. (1998). The Global Journalist: News People Around the World. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press
  155. Keman, Hans (1996). “The Low Countries: Confrontation and Coalition in Segemented Societies.” In J. Colomer, ed., Political Institutions in Europe, pp. 211–53. London: Routledge
  156. Nobre-Correia, J.-M. and Suzy Collard (1999). “Bélgica: la federalización radiotelevisiva y la televisión comunitaria.” In M. de Moragas, C. Garitaonandia, and B. López, eds., Televisión de Proximidad en Europa, pp. 95–112. Barcelona: Bellatera Castellón
  157. Kelly, Mary (1983). “Influences on Broadcasting Policies for Election Coverage.” In J. Blumler, ed., Communicating to Voters: Television in the First European Parliamentary Elections, pp. 65–82. London: Sage
  158. Westergaard, John (1977). “Power, Class and the Media.” In J. Curran, M. Gurevitch, and J. Woollacott, eds., Mass Communication and Society, pp. 15–115. London: Sage
  159. Etzioni-Halevy, Eva (1987). National Broadcasting Under Siege: A Comparative Study of Australia, Britain, Israel and West Germany. London: Macmillan · doi:10.1007/978-1-349-09077-8
  160. 10.1080/10584600050178906 · DOI
  161. Rooney, Dick (2000). “Thirty Years of Competition in the British Tabloid Press: The Mirror and the Sun 1968–1988.” In C. Sparks and J. Tulloch, eds., Tabloid Tales: Global Debates over Media Standards, pp. 91–109. Oxford: Rowman and Littlefield
  162. McClelland, Charles E. (1990). “Escape from Freedom: Reflections on German Professionalization, 1870–1933.” In R. Torstendahl and M. Burrage, eds., The Formation of Professions: Knowledge, State and Strategy, pp. 97–113. London: Sage
  163. Lewis, Charles (2000). “Media Money: How Corporate Spending Blocked Political Ad Reform and Other Tales of Influence.” Columbia Journalism Review September/October, pp. 20–7
  164. Humphreys, Peter (1996). Mass Media and Media Policy in Western Europe. Manchester: Manchester University Press
  165. 10.1080/01402388508424528 · doi:10.1080/01402388508424528
  166. Hachten, William A. (1996). The World News Prism: Changing Media of International Communication. Ames: Iowa State University Press
  167. Rose, Richard (1984). “The Political Status of Higher Civil Servants in Britain.” In E. N. Suleiman, ed., Bureaucrats and Policy Making: A Comparative Overview, pp. 136–73. New York: Holmes and Meier
  168. George, 1985, Case Studies and Theories of Organizational Decision Making, Advances in Information Processing in Organizations, 2, 21
  169. Chalaby, Jean K. (1998). The Invention of Journalism. London: Macmillan · DOI · Paper page
  170. 10.1177/107769909006700315 · doi:10.1177/107769909006700315
  171. Taras, David (1999). Power and Betrayal in Canadian Media. Peterborough, Ontario: Broadview Press
  172. Deutsch, Karl (1966). The Nerves of Government: Models of Political Communication and Control. New York: Free Press
  173. Böll, Heinrich (1975). The Lost Honor of Katharina Blum: How Violence Develops and Where it Can Lead. New York: McGraw-Hill
  174. Underwood, Doug (1993). When MBAs Rule the Newsroom: How the Marketers and Managers are Reshaping Today's Media. New York: Columbia University Press
  175. 10.1111/j.1460-2466.1990.tb02265.x · DOI · Paper page
  176. 10.1017/CBO9781139175289.006 · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139175289.006
  177. Dader, José Luis (1998). “European Political Communication in Comparison: Some Perspectives about Spain.” Paper presented at Workshop on Media and Politics in Europe, Center for German and European Studies, University of California, Berkeley, April 16–18
  178. 10.1177/0267323191006003002 · doi:10.1177/0267323191006003002
  179. Cheesman, 1991, The Structure of Danish Mass Media, Nordicom Review, 2, 3
  180. 10.1080/105846099198622 · DOI
  181. 10.1177/0267323196011001002 · DOI
  182. 10.1080/14616700120107329 · DOI
  183. Swanson, David and Paolo Mancini, eds. (1996). Politics, Media and Modern Democracy. Westport: Praeger · DOI
  184. 10.1080/01402388508424524 · doi:10.1080/01402388508424524
  185. Patterson, Thomas E. and Wolfgang Donsbach (1993). “Press-Party Parallelism: A Cross-National Comparison.” Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Communication Association, Washington, DC.
  186. Hadenius, 1999, The Swedish Newspaper System in the Late 1990s, Nordicom Review, 20, 129
  187. Curran, James (1991). “Rethinking the Media as a Public Sphere.” In P. Dahlgren and C. Sparks, eds., Communication and Citizenship: Journalism and the Public Sphere in the New Media Age. London: Routledge: 27–57
  188. Curran, James and Colin Leys (2000). “Media and the Decline of Liberal Corporatism in Britain.” In J. Curran and M. Park., eds., De-Westernizing Media Studies, pp. 221–36. London: Routledge
  189. Vincent, David (2000). The Rise of Mass Literacy: Reading and Writing in Modern Europe. Cambridge: Polity Press
  190. World Association of Newspapers (2001). World Press Trends. Paris
  191. Roniger, Luis and Ayse Günes-Ayata, eds. (1994). Democracy, Clientelism and Civil Society. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner · DOI
  192. Blumler, Jay G. and Gurevitch, Michael (2001). “‘Americanization’ Reconsidered: U.K.-U.S. Campaign Communication Comparisons Across Time.” In Lance Bennett and Robert M. Entman, eds., Mediated Politics: Communication in the Future of Democracy. New York: Cambridge University Press
  193. McChesney, Robert W. (1994). Telecommunications, Mass Media & Democracy: The Battle for Control of U.S. Broadcasting, 1928–1935. New York: Oxford University Press
  194. Schudson, Michael (1995). “Question Authority: A History of the News Interview.” In The Power of News. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
  195. 10.1007/BF00209215 · DOI
  196. Horwitz, Robert (1989). The Irony of Regulatory Reform: The Deregulation of American Telecommunications. New York: Oxford University Press
  197. 10.2307/2657818 · doi:10.2307/2657818
  198. Listhaug, O. and M. Wiberg (1995). “Confidence in Political and Private Institutions.” In H. D. Klingeman and D. Fuchs, eds., Citizens and the State. Oxford: Oxford University Press
  199. 10.2307/2570695 · DOI · Paper page
  200. Twentieth Century Fund (1993). Quality Time? The Report of the Twentieth Century Fund Task Force on Public Television. New York: Twentieth Century Fund Press

200 of 306 shown

Cited by

See all 5,508

Metadata

Authors
Hallin, D. C., & Mancini, P.
Venue
Cambridge University Press eBooks
Publisher
Cambridge University Press
Published
2004-04-12
DOI
10.1017/cbo9780511790867
OpenAlex
W1512096531
Cited by
5,508
References
2
FWCI
51.69
Type
book
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified, 3068 d)

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Comparing Media Systems: Three Models of Media and Politics. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1017/cbo9780511790867
The paper
Hallin, D. C., & Mancini, P. (2004). Comparing Media Systems: Three Models of Media and Politics. Cambridge University Press eBooks. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511790867

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.