Transgression–regression cycles drive correlations in Ediacaran–Cambrian rock and fossil records
Open accessAbstract
Strata of the Ediacaran Period (635–538.8 Ma) yield the oldest known fossils of complex, macroscopic organisms in the geologic record. These “Ediacaran-type” macrofossils (known as the Ediacaran biota) first appear in mid-Ediacaran strata, experience an apparent decline through the terminal Ediacaran, and directly precede the Cambrian (538.8–485.4 Ma) radiation of animals. Existing hypotheses for the origin and demise of the Ediacaran biota include: changing oceanic redox states, biotic replacement by succeeding Cambrian-type fauna, and mass extinction driven by environmental change. Few studies frame trends in Ediacaran and Cambrian macroevolution from the perspective of the sedimentary rock record, despite well-documented Phanerozoic covariation of macroevolutionary patterns and sedimentary rock quantity. Here we present a quantitative analysis of North American Ediacaran–Cambrian rock and fossil records from Macrostrat and the Paleobiology Database. Marine sedimentary rock quantity increases nearly monotonically and by more than a factor of five from the latest Ediacaran to the late Cambrian. Ediacaran–Cambrian fossil quantities exhibit a comparable trajectory and have strong ( r s > 0.8) positive correlations with marine sedimentary area and volume flux at multiple temporal resolutions. Even so, Ediacaran fossil quantities are dramatically reduced in comparison to the Cambrian when normalized by the quantity of preserved marine rock. Although aspects of these results are consistent with the expectations of a simple fossil preservation–induced sampling bias, together they suggest that transgression–regression and a large expansion of marine shelf environments coincided with the diversification of animals during a dramatic transition that is starkly evident in both the sedimentary rock and fossil records.
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A strong correlation between marine sedimentary area and volume flux has been confirmed for the North American Ediacaran-Cambrian rock and metazoan fossil record.
“A strong correlation between marine sedimentary area and volume flux has been confirmed for the North American Ediacaran-Cambrian rock and metazoan fossil record”
From Sea level controls on Ediacaran-Cambrian animal radiations (2024) · cites this paper as [10]
The marked rise of Cambrian reconstructed biodiversity cannot be explained by the increase in Cambrian sedimentary volume alone.
“although, here, the marked rise of Cambrian reconstructed biodiversity cannot be explained by the increase in Cambrian sedimentary volume alone (10).”
From Sea level controls on Ediacaran-Cambrian animal radiations (2024) · cites this paper as [10]
North American-only compilations show a broadly similar increase in volume flux through the same time interval as the global compilation, as well as an increase in the proportion of carbonate rocks at ~577 to 555 Ma and a short-lived increase in overall sedimentary rock volume at ~550 to 545 Ma.
“they still show a broadly similar increase in volume flux through the same time interval as our global compilation, as well as an increase in the proportion of carbonate rocks at ~577 to 555 Ma and a short-lived increase in overall sedimentary rock volume at ~550 to 545 Ma”
From Sea level controls on Ediacaran-Cambrian animal radiations (2024) · cites this paper as [10]
The paper's data compilation captures the Ediacaran Mackenzie and Cambrian Sauk megasequences, each of which follows a transition from proximal to distal with transgression and continental flooding.
“our data compilation captures the Ediacaran Mackenzie and Cambrian Sauk megasequences (7, 10), each of which follows a transition from proximal (e.g., shallow inner shelf settings) to distal (e.g., deeper marine shelf and mid-outer shelf) with transgression and continental flooding”
From Sea level controls on Ediacaran-Cambrian animal radiations (2024) · cites this paper as [10]
Previous analysis has shown that the increase in the number of occurrences and genera at ~570 Ma is not accompanied by an increase in sedimentary unit counts, rock area, or volume flux in Laurentia, and the subsequent volume flux increase toward ~550 Ma coincides with a decrease and plateau in the number of fossil occurrences and genera that mark the major turnover between the White Sea and Nama.
“Previous analysis (10) has likewise shown that the increase in the number of occurrences and genera at ~570 Ma is not accompanied by an increase in sedimentary unit counts, rock area, or volume flux in Laurentia, and the subsequent volume flux increase toward ~550 Ma coincides with a decrease and plateau in the number of fossil occurrences and genera that mark the major turnover between the White”
From Sea level controls on Ediacaran-Cambrian animal radiations (2024) · cites this paper as [10]
Previous studies have suggested a very strong positive correlation between the number of occurrences and generic richness during the Ediacaran to Cambrian.
“although previous studies have suggested a very strong positive correlation between the number of occurrences and generic richness during the Ediacaran to Cambrian”
From Sea level controls on Ediacaran-Cambrian animal radiations (2024) · cites this paper as [10]
Previous analyses have revealed a strong correlation between overall generic diversity and both preserved sedimentary area and the number of sedimentary units through the Ediacaran to Cambrian.
“Previous analyses have revealed a strong correlation between overall generic diversity and both preserved sedimentary area and the number of sedimentary units through the Ediacaran to Cambrian”
From Sea level controls on Ediacaran-Cambrian animal radiations (2024) · cites this paper as [10]
The paper's sedimentary rock record estimates are self-consistent and show a good match with trends derived from North American compilations that extract more precise volume estimates from the Macrostrat database.
“Our sedimentary rock record estimates are self-consistent and show a good match with trends derived from North American compilations that extract more precise volume estimates from the Macrostrat database”
From Sea level controls on Ediacaran-Cambrian animal radiations (2024) · cites this paper as [10]
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Self-citationThe oldest fossil faunas of South Australia
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Pulses of atmosphere oxygenation during the Cambrian radiation of animals
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A diverse Ediacara assemblage survived under low-oxygen conditions
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Sea level controls on Ediacaran-Cambrian animal radiations
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Ediacaran origin and Ediacaran-Cambrian diversification of Metazoa
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Self-citationGeobiology: When did animals develop their oxygen habit?
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The fossil record of siliceous sponge spicules can be taken at face valuePreprint
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An updated strontium isotope curve for early Cambrian seawater
Xu, A., He, T., Shields, G., von Strandmann, P. A. E. P., Zhuravlev, A. Y., Zhou, Y., THIRLWALL, M. F., Manning, C., Zhang, Y., Yang, C., et al. (2026) · Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2026.114244
Faehnrich, K., García‐Bellido, D. C., Droser, M. L., Gehlîng, J. G., & Gaines, R. R. (2026) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2026.120285
- Authors
- Segessenman, D. C., & Peters, S. E.
- Affiliations
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- Corresponding author
- Segessenman, Daniel C.
- Venue
- Paleobiology
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2023-12-04
- Volume
- 50
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 150-163
- ISSN
- 0094-8373 (ISSN-L)
- 1938-5331
- OpenAlex
- W4389307865
- Cited by
- 13
- References
- 117
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 7
- FWCI
- 2.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Paleobiology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- EarthArXiv (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (EAR-1150082)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Evolution and Paleontology Studies
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology
- Keywords
- Ediacaran biota, Cambrian explosion, transgression-regression cycles, sampling bias, macroevolution, Ediacaran-Cambrian transition
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