Cited by 1,128Natural Resources and Economic DevelopmentPolitical Conflict and GovernanceCorruption and Economic Development

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Do Natural Resources Fuel Authoritarianism? A Reappraisal of the Resource Curse

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HABER, STEPHEN, MENALDO, VICTOR·2011·American Political Science Review

DOI 10.1017/s0003055410000584

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Abstract

A large body of scholarship finds a negative relationship between natural resources and democracy. Extant cross-country regressions, however, assume random effects and are run on panel datasets with relatively short time dimensions. Because natural resource reliance is not an exogenous variable, this is not an effective strategy for uncovering causal relationships. Numerous sources of bias may be driving the results, the most serious of which is omitted variable bias induced by unobserved country-specific and time-invariant heterogeneity. To address these problems, we develop unique historical datasets, employ time-series centric techniques, and operationalize explicitly specified counterfactuals. We test to see if there is a long-run relationship between resource reliance and regime type within countries over time, both on a country-by-country basis and across several different panels. We find that increases in resource reliance are not associated with authoritarianism. In fact, in many specifications we generate results that suggest a resource blessing.

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Authors: HABER, S., & MENALDO, V.
Affiliations: Hoover Institution (US)
University of Washington (US)
Corresponding author: HABER, STEPHEN
MENALDO, VICTOR
ORCID: MENALDO, VICTOR
Venue: American Political Science Review
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Published: 2011-01-27
Volume: 105
Issue: 1
Pages: 1-26
ISSN: 0003-0554 (ISSN-L)
1537-5943
DOI: 10.1017/s0003055410000584
OpenAlex: W2114260857
Cited by: 1,128
References: 105
Citations by year: 2026: 40 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 45 · 2023: 69 · 2022: 89 · 2021: 52 · 2020: 134 · 2019: 81 · 2018: 99 · 2017: 79 · 2016: 70 · 2015: 76 · 2014: 60 · 2013: 64 · 2012: 66
FWCI: 188.93
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
papers.ssrn.com
Licence: www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified)
Locations: American Political Science Review (publishedVersion)
SSRN Electronic Journal (submittedVersion)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › General Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Natural Resources and Economic Development
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Political Conflict and Governance
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Corruption and Economic Development
Keywords: resource curse, natural resources, authoritarianism, democracy, resource dependence, political regimes, omitted variable bias, counterfactual analysis, resource blessing

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Do Natural Resources Fuel Authoritarianism? A Reappraisal of the Resource Curse

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