The DOI matches its Crossref record; 26 of the 27 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 1 of the 54 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Values for digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAAS) for some dairy and plant proteins may better describe protein quality than values calculated using the concept for protein digestibility-corrected amino acid scores (PDCAAS)
Open accessAbstract
An experiment was conducted to compare values for digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAAS) for four animal proteins and four plant proteins with values calculated as recommended for protein digestibility-corrected amino acid scores (PDCAAS), but determined in pigs instead of in rats. Values for standardised total tract digestibility (STTD) of crude protein (CP) and standardised ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) were calculated for whey protein isolate (WPI), whey protein concentrate (WPC), milk protein concentrate (MPC), skimmed milk powder (SMP), pea protein concentrate (PPC), soya protein isolate (SPI), soya flour and whole-grain wheat. The PDCAAS-like values were calculated using the STTD of CP to estimate AA digestibility and values for DIAAS were calculated from values for SID of AA. Results indicated that values for SID of most indispensable AA in WPI, WPC and MPC were greater (P<0·05) than for SMP, PPC, SPI, soya flour and wheat. With the exception of arginine and tryptophan, the SID of all indispensable AA in SPI was greater (P<0·05) than in soya flour, and with the exception of threonine, the SID of all indispensable AA in wheat was less (P<0·05) than in all other ingredients. If the same scoring pattern for children between 6 and 36 months was used to calculate PDCAAS-like values and DIAAS, PDCAAS-like values were greater (P<0·05) than DIAAS values for SMP, PPC, SPI, soya flour and wheat indicating that PDCAAS-like values estimated in pigs may overestimate the quality of these proteins.
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41 Own result · 40 Not checked yet · 18 Own interpretation · 9 No basis given · 4 Own method · accuracy not yet measured
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“results indicated that WPC had greater PDCAAS than SMP, SPI and soya protein concentrate (7,19)”
§ Values for digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAAS) for some dairy and plant proteins may better describe protein quality than values calculated using the concept for protein digestibility-corrected amino acid scores (PDCAAS) > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [7] source
- Could not verifycites [19] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The section on apparent ileal and faecal digestibility discusses rat nitrogen-digestibility data, but does not compare PDCAAS among the named proteins (page unavailable). Searches for PDCAAS and whey protein concentrate found no passage addressing the claimed ranking. (LLM, conf=0.75)
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“With the exception of arginine and tryptophan, the SID of all indispensable AA in SPI was greater (P < 0•05) than in soya flour, and with the exception of threonine, the SID of all indispensable AA in wheat was less (P < 0•05) than in all other ingredients.”
§ Values for digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAAS) for some dairy and plant proteins may better describe protein quality than values calculated using the concept for protein digestibility-corrected amino acid scores (PDCAAS) > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Results indicated that values for SID of most indispensable AA in WPI, WPC and MPC were greater (P < 0•05) than for SMP, PPC, SPI, soya flour and wheat.”
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
“However, the SID of most AA was greater (P < 0•05) in WPI, WPC and MPC than in SMP, PPC, soya flour and wheat, but for SPI, many AA had SID values that were not different from those in WPI, WPC and MPC.”
§ Values for digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAAS) for some dairy and plant proteins may better describe protein quality than values calculated using the concept for protein digestibility-corrected amino acid scores (PDCAAS) > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Also stated in: § Results · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The SID of isoleucine, cysteine and serine was less (P < 0•05) in MPC than in WPI and WPC, and the SID of valine and glutamic acid was less (P < 0•05) in MPC than in WPI, but for all other AA, no differences among MPC, WPI and WPC were observed.”
§ Values for digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAAS) for some dairy and plant proteins may better describe protein quality than values calculated using the concept for protein digestibility-corrected amino acid scores (PDCAAS) > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“With the exception of arginine, tryptophan, alanine and glycine, the SID of all AA was greater (P < 0•05) in SPI than in soya flour.”
§ Values for digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAAS) for some dairy and plant proteins may better describe protein quality than values calculated using the concept for protein digestibility-corrected amino acid scores (PDCAAS) > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The SID of isoleucine, cysteine and serine was less (P < 0•05) in MPC than in WPI and WPC, and the SID of valine and glutamic acid was less (P < 0•05) in MPC than in WPI, but for all other AA, no differences among MPC, WPI and WPC were observed.”
§ Values for digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAAS) for some dairy and plant proteins may better describe protein quality than values calculated using the concept for protein digestibility-corrected amino acid scores (PDCAAS) > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“With the exception of tyrosine, the SID of all AA was not different between WPI and WPC (Table 4).”
§ Values for digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAAS) for some dairy and plant proteins may better describe protein quality than values calculated using the concept for protein digestibility-corrected amino acid scores (PDCAAS) > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“If the same scoring pattern for children between 6 and 36 months was used to calculate PDCAAS-like values and DIAAS, PDCAAS-like values were greater (P < 0•05) than DIAAS values for SMP, PPC, SPI, soya flour and wheat indicating that PDCAAS-like values estimated in pigs”
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
“If PDCAAS-like values were calculated according to the same scoring pattern as DIAAS (8) , PDCAAS-like values for SMP, PPC, SPI, soya flour and wheat were greater (P < 0•05) than values for DIAAS, whereas the PDCAAS-like value for WPI was less (P < 0•05) than the DIAAS for WPI.”
§ Values for digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAAS) for some dairy and plant proteins may better describe protein quality than values calculated using the concept for protein digestibility-corrected amino acid scores (PDCAAS) > Abstract
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“with the exception of threonine, the SID of all indispensable AA in wheat was less (P < 0•05) than in all other ingredients.”
§ Values for digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAAS) for some dairy and plant proteins may better describe protein quality than values calculated using the concept for protein digestibility-corrected amino acid scores (PDCAAS) > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The SID of isoleucine, cysteine and serine was less (P < 0•05) in MPC than in WPI and WPC, and the SID of valine and glutamic acid was less (P < 0•05) in MPC than in WPI, but for all other AA, no differences among MPC, WPI and WPC were observed.”
§ Values for digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAAS) for some dairy and plant proteins may better describe protein quality than values calculated using the concept for protein digestibility-corrected amino acid scores (PDCAAS) > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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- Probably not a substantial claim. 14
- It may state two separate claims as one. 25
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The concentration of CP in ingredients ranged from 11•67 to 92•66 %.”
§ Values for digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAAS) for some dairy and plant proteins may better describe protein quality than values calculated using the concept for protein digestibility-corrected amino acid scores (PDCAAS) > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“If PDCAAS-like values calculated according to FAO/WHO (1) were truncated as recommended, values for WPC, MPC, SMP were less (P < 0•05) than values for DIAAS, whereas PDCAASlike values for PPC, SPI, soya flour and wheat were greater (P < 0•05) than for DIAAS (Table 6).”
§ Values for digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAAS) for some dairy and plant proteins may better describe protein quality than values calculated using the concept for protein digestibility-corrected amino acid scores (PDCAAS) > Results
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [1] source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, if PDCAAS-like values were not truncated, the PDCAAS-like value for WPC was not different from DIAAS, but PDCAAS-like values for MPC and SMP were greater (P < 0•05) than DIAAS.”
§ Values for digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAAS) for some dairy and plant proteins may better describe protein quality than values calculated using the concept for protein digestibility-corrected amino acid scores (PDCAAS) > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“However, if PDCAAS-like values were calculated using the original scoring patterns (1) , either truncated or not truncated, the first-limiting AA for whey proteins was the aromatic AA and threonine was first limiting in MPC and the sulfur AA were first limiting in SMP and SPI.”
§ Values for digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAAS) for some dairy and plant proteins may better describe protein quality than values calculated using the concept for protein digestibility-corrected amino acid scores (PDCAAS) > Results
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [1] source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The observation that both lysine and tryptophan in wheat had a lower SID value than threonine”
§ Values for digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAAS) for some dairy and plant proteins may better describe protein quality than values calculated using the concept for protein digestibility-corrected amino acid scores (PDCAAS) > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The first-limiting AA for DIAAS calculated for infants were the aromatic AA for the whey proteins, tryptophan for MPC and PPC, threonine for SMP, the sulfur AA for SPI, leucine for soya flour and lysine for wheat.”
§ Values for digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAAS) for some dairy and plant proteins may better describe protein quality than values calculated using the concept for protein digestibility-corrected amino acid scores (PDCAAS) > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, the first-limiting AA in PPC was tryptophan, whereas lysine was first limiting in soya flour and wheat.”
§ Values for digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAAS) for some dairy and plant proteins may better describe protein quality than values calculated using the concept for protein digestibility-corrected amino acid scores (PDCAAS) > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Calculated PDCAAS-like values for infants were greater (P < 0•05) than values for DIAAS for SMP, PPC, SPI and wheat, whereas the value for DIAAS for WPI tended (P = 0•062) to be greater than the PDCAAS-like value (Table 7).”
§ Values for digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAAS) for some dairy and plant proteins may better describe protein quality than values calculated using the concept for protein digestibility-corrected amino acid scores (PDCAAS) > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For values for DIAAS, the first-limiting AA in WPI and WPC was histidine, but for MPC, SMP, PPC, SPI and soya flour, the sulfur AA were first limiting, and lysine was first liming in wheat.”
§ Values for digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAAS) for some dairy and plant proteins may better describe protein quality than values calculated using the concept for protein digestibility-corrected amino acid scores (PDCAAS) > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“PPC and wheat tested in this experiment fall into this category.”
§ Values for digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAAS) for some dairy and plant proteins may better describe protein quality than values calculated using the concept for protein digestibility-corrected amino acid scores (PDCAAS) > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [8] source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For children older than 3 years, adolescents and adults, PDCAAS-like values for SMP, PPC and SPI were greater (P < 0•05) than DIAAS, and the PDCAAS-like value for soya flour tended (P = 0•053) to be”
§ Values for digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAAS) for some dairy and plant proteins may better describe protein quality than values calculated using the concept for protein digestibility-corrected amino acid scores (PDCAAS) > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“If PDCAAS-like values were calculated according to the same scoring pattern as DIAAS (8) , PDCAAS-like values for SMP, PPC, SPI, soya flour and wheat were greater (P < 0•05) than values for DIAAS, whereas the PDCAAS-like value for WPI was less (P < 0•05) than the DIAAS for WPI.”
§ Values for digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAAS) for some dairy and plant proteins may better describe protein quality than values calculated using the concept for protein digestibility-corrected amino acid scores (PDCAAS) > Results
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [8] source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The first-limiting AA for PDCAAS-like values calculated for infants in SMP was tryptophan, but for all other ingredients, the first-limiting AA in the calculation of DIAAS was also first limiting for PDCAAS-like values.”
§ Values for digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAAS) for some dairy and plant proteins may better describe protein quality than values calculated using the concept for protein digestibility-corrected amino acid scores (PDCAAS) > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“with lysine being first limiting in wheat, histidine being first limiting in the whey proteins and the sulfur AA being first limiting in the whole milk proteins and the soya and pea proteins.”
§ Values for digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAAS) for some dairy and plant proteins may better describe protein quality than values calculated using the concept for protein digestibility-corrected amino acid scores (PDCAAS) > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“differences in the ileal digestibility among individual AA in all proteins exist with the digestibility of threonine being the least for most proteins.”
§ Values for digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAAS) for some dairy and plant proteins may better describe protein quality than values calculated using the concept for protein digestibility-corrected amino acid scores (PDCAAS) > Discussion
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“PDCAAS-like values calculated from the total tract digestibility of CP in pigs and DIAAS values for dairy proteins are greater than for proteins obtained from soyabeans, peas or wheat.”
§ Values for digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAAS) for some dairy and plant proteins may better describe protein quality than values calculated using the concept for protein digestibility-corrected amino acid scores (PDCAAS) > Discussion
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In contrast, PDCAAS values according to the original definition are determined in rats (1) .”
§ Values for digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAAS) for some dairy and plant proteins may better describe protein quality than values calculated using the concept for protein digestibility-corrected amino acid scores (PDCAAS) > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [1] source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“It was also recently concluded that PDCAAS generally underestimates the value of high-quality proteins and overestimates the value of low-quality proteins (7) .”
§ Values for digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAAS) for some dairy and plant proteins may better describe protein quality than values calculated using the concept for protein digestibility-corrected amino acid scores (PDCAAS) > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [7] source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“To calculate DIAAS, it is necessary to determine the digestibility of individual AA at the end of the small intestine (the ileum), and the pig has been recognised as an appropriate model for estimating CP and AA digestibility in foods for humans (8)(9)(10) .”
- Also stated in: § Discussion · plain
“It is, therefore, important that the comparison is done within the same animal and because the pig has been recommended as the preferred animal model to calculate DIAAS values (8) , we chose to use the pig to also calculate PDCAAS-like values in this study.”
§ Values for digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAAS) for some dairy and plant proteins may better describe protein quality than values calculated using the concept for protein digestibility-corrected amino acid scores (PDCAAS) > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites (8)(9)(10)
- Not checked yetcites [8] source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Discussion · plain
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“With nine replicates we expected to be able to detect differences in SID values among ingredients of 2•5-4 percentage units (depending on the AA).”
§ Values for digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAAS) for some dairy and plant proteins may better describe protein quality than values calculated using the concept for protein digestibility-corrected amino acid scores (PDCAAS) > Methods
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All pigs remained healthy throughout the experiment and readily consumed their diets.”
§ Values for digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAAS) for some dairy and plant proteins may better describe protein quality than values calculated using the concept for protein digestibility-corrected amino acid scores (PDCAAS) > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“It is, however, recognised that digestibility of AA is most correctly determined at the end of the small intestine (the ileum), because AA are absorbed only from the small intestine and because hindgut fermentation can affect faecal AA excretion (2) .”
§ Values for digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAAS) for some dairy and plant proteins may better describe protein quality than values calculated using the concept for protein digestibility-corrected amino acid scores (PDCAAS) > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [2]
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“To avoid the flaws of the PDCAAS procedure, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) (8) now recommends an AA evaluation procedure called digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS).”
§ Values for digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAAS) for some dairy and plant proteins may better describe protein quality than values calculated using the concept for protein digestibility-corrected amino acid scores (PDCAAS) > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [8] source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“To calculate DIAAS, it is necessary to determine the digestibility of individual AA at the end of the small intestine (the ileum), and the pig has been recognised as an appropriate model for estimating CP and AA digestibility in foods for humans (8)(9)(10) .”
§ Values for digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAAS) for some dairy and plant proteins may better describe protein quality than values calculated using the concept for protein digestibility-corrected amino acid scores (PDCAAS) > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [8] source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Samples were analysed in duplicate, but analyses were repeated if the analysed values were >5 % apart.”
§ Values for digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAAS) for some dairy and plant proteins may better describe protein quality than values calculated using the concept for protein digestibility-corrected amino acid scores (PDCAAS) > Methods
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“which indicates that mucin in humans also may have a high concentration of threonine (9,10)”
§ Values for digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAAS) for some dairy and plant proteins may better describe protein quality than values calculated using the concept for protein digestibility-corrected amino acid scores (PDCAAS) > Discussion
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“diet-specific losses are debited against the ingredients in the calculations of SID values.”
§ Values for digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAAS) for some dairy and plant proteins may better describe protein quality than values calculated using the concept for protein digestibility-corrected amino acid scores (PDCAAS) > Discussion
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Diet-specific endogenous losses may occur in addition to basal endogenous losses.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the present experiment we attempted to do that, but it is acknowledged that all proteins were fed as raw ingredients without the processing that these ingredients most often go through before consumption by humans.If processing changes the digestibility of the protein, results may be different.”
§ Values for digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAAS) for some dairy and plant proteins may better describe protein quality than values calculated using the concept for protein digestibility-corrected amino acid scores (PDCAAS) > Discussion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“may indicate that the wheat used in this experiment had been heat damaged during drying or grinding.”
§ Values for digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAAS) for some dairy and plant proteins may better describe protein quality than values calculated using the concept for protein digestibility-corrected amino acid scores (PDCAAS) > Discussion
hedgedconditionalSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“the cut-off values for protein quality assessments that were proposed were arbitrarily chosen and not based on documented research (8)”
§ Values for digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAAS) for some dairy and plant proteins may better describe protein quality than values calculated using the concept for protein digestibility-corrected amino acid scores (PDCAAS) > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [8] source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“However, the composition and digestibility of both of these types of proteins differ (4,19) , and both plant and animal proteins, therefore, need to be evaluated.”
§ Values for digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAAS) for some dairy and plant proteins may better describe protein quality than values calculated using the concept for protein digestibility-corrected amino acid scores (PDCAAS) > Discussion
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“criticism related to the scoring patterns that were originally suggested (1) can be easily overcome by adopting different scoring patterns.”
§ Values for digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAAS) for some dairy and plant proteins may better describe protein quality than values calculated using the concept for protein digestibility-corrected amino acid scores (PDCAAS) > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [1] source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“in a later report from WHO/FAO, scoring patterns for several age groups of children, teenagers and adults were suggested (28)”
§ Values for digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAAS) for some dairy and plant proteins may better describe protein quality than values calculated using the concept for protein digestibility-corrected amino acid scores (PDCAAS) > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [28] source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“the problems associated with truncation can also be easily corrected by using untruncated values (26)”
§ Values for digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAAS) for some dairy and plant proteins may better describe protein quality than values calculated using the concept for protein digestibility-corrected amino acid scores (PDCAAS) > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [26] source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“This inaccuracy will have greater impact on evaluation of proteins used in developing countries than in developed countries, because foods typically consumed in many developing countries have lower digestibility of CP than food typically consumed in developed countries (29)”
§ Values for digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAAS) for some dairy and plant proteins may better describe protein quality than values calculated using the concept for protein digestibility-corrected amino acid scores (PDCAAS) > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [29] source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
No published DIAAS values for these proteins had been determined in pigs, and it was unknown how DIAAS values determined in pigs compare with PDCAAS-like values determined in pigs.
“To our knowledge, there are no published values for DIAAS for these proteins that have been determined in pigs and it is not known how values for DIAAS determined in pigs compare with PDCAAS-like values determined in pigs.”
The authors state this as an assumption.
Amino acid digestibility in growing castrated male pigs is representative of values obtained in both male and female humans of all ages.
“Other limitations of the experiment include the assumption that AA digestibility in growing castrated male pigs are representative of values obtained in both male and female humans of all ages.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Mucin protein is resistant to protease digestion and is included in the endogenous protein fraction that reaches the distal ileum in pigs without being hydrolysed.
“Mucin protein is resistant to protease digestion, and therefore is included in the endogenous protein fraction that reaches the distal end of the ileum in pigs without being hydrolysed.”
The paper relies on this without support.
N exchange in the hindgut does not contribute to the amino acid balance in humans and monogastric animals, and amino acids are absorbed only in the small intestine.
“because N exchange in the hindgut does not contribute to the AA balance in humans and monogastric animals and because AA are absorbed only in the small intestine”
The paper relies on this without support.
PPC and wheat are not expected to be used to a great extent in the feeding of infants.
“these proteins are not expected to be used to a great extent in the feeding of infants.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Endogenous losses are really lost from the body.
“because endogenous losses are really lost from the body”
The paper relies on this without support.
Diet-specific endogenous losses may occur in addition to basal endogenous losses.
“In addition to the basal endogenous losses, diet-specific endogenous losses may also occur”
The paper relies on this without support.
The major protein in SMP is casein, which has a low concentration of cysteine.
“The major protein in SMP is casein, which has a low concentration of cysteine”
The paper relies on this without support.
For proteins that are not heat damaged, threonine usually has a lower SID value than lysine.
“which is usually the case for proteins that are not heat damaged.”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Values for digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAAS) for some dairy and plant proteins may better describe protein quality than values calculated using the concept for protein digestibility-corrected amino acid scores (PDCAAS) > Discussion
“However, if the original scoring pattern for PDCAAS was used, the predicted first-limiting AA were different for all proteins except SMP, PPC and wheat”
§ Values for digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAAS) for some dairy and plant proteins may better describe protein quality than values calculated using the concept for protein digestibility-corrected amino acid scores (PDCAAS) > Discussion
“| PPC | 75 a (Trp) | 75 a (Trp) | 71 b (SAA) | 62 c (SAA) | 0•6 | <0•0001 | | SPI | 93 a (SAA) | 93 a (SAA) | 86 b (SAA) | 84 c (SAA) | 0•5 | <0•0001 |”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Values for digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAAS) for some dairy and plant proteins may better describe protein quality than values calculated using the concept for protein digestibility-corrected amino acid scores (PDCAAS) > Abstract
“with the exception of threonine, the SID of all indispensable AA in wheat was less (P < 0•05) than in all other ingredients.”
§ Values for digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAAS) for some dairy and plant proteins may better describe protein quality than values calculated using the concept for protein digestibility-corrected amino acid scores (PDCAAS) > Results
“The SID of all indispensable AA and of alanine and tyrosine was less (P < 0•05) in wheat than in all other ingredients.”
Citations
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Metadata
- Authors
- Mathai, J. K., Liu, Y., & Stein, H. H.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
- Corresponding author
- Stein, Hans H.
- Venue
- British Journal of Nutrition
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2017-02-28
- Volume
- 117
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 490-499
- ISSN
- 0007-1145 (ISSN-L)
- 1475-2662
- OpenAlex
- W2604266670
- Semantic Scholar
- 8cec1bacdf8ad12cc80718b81c44a28e8f55d197
- Cited by
- 432
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 57 · 2025: 59 · 2024: 69 · 2023: 59 · 2022: 45 · 2021: 61 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 24.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- British Journal Of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Nutrition and Physiology
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Food Nutrient Composition and Product Development
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Keywords
- DIAAS, PDCAAS, protein quality, whey protein isolate, whey protein concentrate, milk protein concentrate, skim milk powder, pea protein concentrate, soy protein isolate, soybean flour, whole wheat, plant proteins, milk protein, pigs, children aged 6 to 36 months
- MeSH terms
- Vegetable Products, Whey Proteins, Amino Acids, Essential, Animals, Child, Preschool, Diet, Dietary Proteins, Digestion, Humans, Ileum, Infant, Male, Milk Proteins, Plant Proteins, Plants, Edible, Seeds, Glycine max, Swine, Triticum, Pisum sativum, Soybean Proteins, Gastrointestinal Tract
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-05, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-05 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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