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Cited by 610

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Trading Human Rights: How Preferential Trade Agreements Influence Government Repression

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Hafner-Burton, Emilie M.·2005·International Organization
DOI 10.1017/s0020818305050216
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Abstract

A growing number of preferential trade agreements (PTAs) have come to play a significant role in governing state compliance with human rights. When they supply hard standards that tie material benefits of integration to compliance with human rights principles, PTAs are more effective than softer human rights agreements (HRAs) in changing repressive behaviors. PTAs improve members' human rights through coercion, by supplying the instruments and resources to change actors' incentives to promote reforms that would not otherwise be implemented. I develop three hypotheses: (1) state commitment to HRAs and (2) PTAs supplying soft human rights standards (not tied to market benefits) do not systematically produce improvement in human rights behaviors, while (3) state commitment to PTAs supplying hard human rights standards does often produce better practices. I draw on several cases to illustrate the processes of influence and test the argument on the experience of 177 states during the period 1972 to 2002.

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Metadata

Authors
Hafner-Burton, E. M.
Venue
International Organization
Publisher
Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Published
2005-07
Volume
59
Issue
03
Pages
593-629
ISSN
  • 0020-8183 (ISSN-L)
  • 1531-5088
DOI
10.1017/s0020818305050216
OpenAlex
W2082484556
Cited by
610
References
1
FWCI
43.58
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
bronze
Licence
www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified, 39 d)

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