Evolution Without Progress? Humanitarianism in a World of Hurt
Abstract
Many theories of international relations contain a narrative of progress and explain that progress with reference to evolutionary imagery. This article examines critically: the relevance of Darwinian and Lamarckian models of international relations to the evolution of international ethics and institutions; and the possibility that the ethics and norms are likely to be more consistent with existing world orders than challengers to it. Specifically, this article draws from evolutionary social science and organizational theory to develop a framework to explore the initial diversity of the meaning and practices of humanitarianism; how the combination of environmental mechanisms and organizational culture led many humanitarian agencies to adapt to their environment in ways that incorporated politics; and the subsequent countermovement by some agencies who wanted to purify humanitarianism. I then apply this framework to explain the recent history of four international aid agencies. I conclude with several observations regarding how the model as applied to these cases allows us to examine critically the selection mechanisms that do and do not account for ethical change and how scholars of international norms, ethics, and progress should be attentive to how principled actors are creatures of the world they want to transform.
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- Authors
- Barnett, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Corresponding author
- Barnett, Michael
- ORCID
- Barnett, Michael
- Venue
- International Organization
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2009-10
- Volume
- 63
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 621-663
- ISSN
- 0020-8183 (ISSN-L)
- 1531-5088
- OpenAlex
- W2031737843
- Cited by
- 111
- References
- 149
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- FWCI
- 27.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Organization (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › International Relations and Foreign Policy
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History › Historical and Contemporary Political Dynamics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Peacebuilding and International Security
- Keywords
- humanitarianism, humanitarian ethics, international norms, evolutionary social science, international aid agencies, organizational culture, countermovement, ethical change, international order
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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