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Cited by 581Memory Processes and InfluencesChild and Animal Learning DevelopmentCognitive Abilities and Testing

The Development of Memory

Gathercole, Susan E.·1998·Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
DOI 10.1017/s0021963097001753
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Abstract

This article reviews recent advances in understanding the changes in memory function that take place during the childhood years. Development of the following aspects of memory are considered: short-term memory, comprising phonological memory, visuospatial memory, and executive function; autobiographical memory; episodic memory, including eyewitness memory; and metamemory. Each of these aspects of memory function shows substantial qualitative change from infancy, through the preschool period, to the early school years. Beyond about 7 years of age, however, memory function appears adult-like in organisation and strategies, and shows only a gradual quantitative improvement through to early adolescence.

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Crossref · 10.1017/s0021963097001753

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  • Although the evidence is not unequivocal, it is generally agreed that children begin to use verbal mediation of STM from around 7 years of age.

    “Although the evidence is not unequivocal, it is generally agreed that children begin to use verbal mediation of STM from around 7 years of age (Gathercole, 1998), at which point they begin to be susceptible to the phonological similarity effect (Conrad, 1971; Gathercole & Hitch, 1993) and word length effect (Baddeley, Thomson, & Buchanan, 1975).”

    From Inner Speech: Development, Cognitive Functions, Phenomenology, and Neurobiology (2015) · cites this paper as Gathercole, 1998

  • Children's adoption of inner speech is evidenced relatively early in development in the apparent emergence of the phonological similarity effect around age 7.

    “Children’s adoption of inner speech is evidenced relatively early in development in the apparent emergence of the phonological similarity effect around age 7 (Gathercole, 1998).”

    From Inner Speech: Development, Cognitive Functions, Phenomenology, and Neurobiology (2015) · cites this paper as Gathercole, 1998

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Authors
Gathercole, S. E.
Affiliations
University of Bristol (GB)
Corresponding author
Gathercole, Susan E.
ORCID
Gathercole, Susan E.
Venue
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
Publisher
Wiley
Published
1998-01
Volume
39
Issue
1
Pages
3-27
ISSN
0021-9630 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1017/s0021963097001753
OpenAlex
W2010410985
Cited by
581
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 39 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 18
FWCI
7.65
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1 (tdm, 6452 d)
Locations
  • Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
Keywords
memory development, childhood, short-term memory, phonological memory, visuospatial memory, executive function, autobiographical memory, episodic memory, eyewitness memory, metamemory, preschool children, early school years, adolescence
MeSH terms
Child, Child Development, Child, Preschool, Cognition, Female, Humans, Male, Memory, Knowledge

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