Session 3: Joint Nutrition Society and Irish Nutrition and Dietetic Institute Symposium on ‘Nutrition and autoimmune disease’ PUFA, inflammatory processes and rheumatoid arthritis: Symposium on ‘The challenge of translating nutrition research into public health nutrition’
Open accessAbstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease manifested by swollen and painful joints, bone erosion and functional impairment. The joint lesions are characterised by infiltration of T lymphocytes, macrophages and B lymphocytes into the synovium and by synovial inflammation involving eicosanoids, cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases. In relation to inflammatory processes, the main fatty acids of interest are the n-6 PUFA arachidonic acid, which is the precursor of inflammatory eicosanoids such as PGE2 and leukotriene B4, and the n-3 PUFA EPA and DHA, which are found in oily fish and fish oils. Eicosanoids derived from the n-6 PUFA arachidonic acid play a role in RA, and the efficacy of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in RA indicates the importance of pro-inflammatory cyclooxygenase pathway products of arachidonic acid in the pathophysiology of the disease. EPA and DHA inhibit arachidonic acid metabolism to inflammatory eicosanoids. EPA also gives rise to eicosanoid mediators that are less inflammatory than those produced from arachidonic acid and both EPA and DHA give rise to resolvins that are anti-inflammatory and inflammation resolving. In addition to modifying the lipid mediator profile, n-3 PUFA exert effects on other aspects of immunity relevant to RA such as antigen presentation, T-cell reactivity and inflammatory cytokine production. Fish oil has been shown to slow the development of arthritis in an animal model and to reduce disease severity. Randomised clinical trials have demonstrated a range of clinical benefits in patients with RA that include reducing pain, duration of morning stiffness and use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
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A combination of L. gasseri CECT5714 and L. coryniformis CECT5711 with Staphylococcus thermophilus for two or four weeks had no effect on serum TNF-α or IL-12 concentrations in healthy adults aged 23-43 years.
“Likewise, the combination of L. gasseri CECT5714 and L. coryniformis CECT5711 (2 £ 10 9 CFU of each/d) with Staphylococcus thermophilus (10 8 CFU/d) for 2 or 4 weeks had no effect on serum TNF-a or IL-12 concentrations in healthy adults aged 23-43 years (830,831) .”
From Dietary factors and low-grade inflammation in relation to overweight and obesity (2011) · cites this paper as [830]
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(1998) · Birkhäuser Basel eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-0348-8825-7 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids and mononuclear phagocyte function
Calder, P. C. (1998) · Birkhäuser Basel eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-0348-8825-7_1 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationKhair‐El‐Din, T. A., Sicher, S. C., Vázquez, M. A., & Lu, C. Y. (1996) · American Journal of Reproductive Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0897.1996.tb00133.x · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Evaluation of a simple articular index for joint tenderness in rheumatoid arthritis.
Ritchie, D. A., Boyle, J. A., McInnes, J. M., et al. (1969) · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases · doi:10.1136/ard.28.2.196-a · Cited by 17 · see citing works
n-3 Fatty acids in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
Geusens, P. P. (1998) · Birkhäuser Basel eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-0348-8825-7_9 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Polyunsaturated fatty acids alter the rules of engagement
Calder, P. C. (2007) · Future Lipidology · doi:10.2217/17460875.2.1.27 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Scientific Basis for Fish Oil Supplementation in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Calder, P. C. (2001) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-56623-3_12 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
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Marine omega-3 fatty acids and inflammatory processes: effects, mechanisms and clinical relevance
Calder, P. C. (2015) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids · doi:10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.08.010 · Cited by 1,717 · see citing works
Self-citationOmega-3 Fatty Acids and Inflammatory Processes
Calder, P. C. (2010) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu2030355 · Cited by 1,116 · see citing works
Self-citationWall, R., Ross, R. P., Fitzgerald, G. F., & Stanton, C. (2010) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2010.00287.x · Cited by 1,101 · see citing works
Dietary factors and low-grade inflammation in relation to overweight and obesity
Calder, P. C., Ahluwalia, N., Brouns, F., Buetler, T., Clement, K., Cunningham, K., Esposito, K., Jönsson, L. S., Kolb, H., Lansink, M., et al. (2011) · British Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114511005460 · Cited by 1,098 · see citing works
Self-citationLong-chain fatty acids and inflammation
Calder, P. C. (2012) · Proceedings of The Nutrition Society · doi:10.1017/s0029665112000067 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Self-citationWalker, C. G., Jebb, S. A., & Calder, P. C. (2013) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2012.06.003 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Calder, P. C. (2010) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2009.11.003 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Calder, P. C.
- Affiliations
- Southampton General Hospital (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Calder, Philip C.
- ORCID
- Calder, Philip C.
- Venue
- Proceedings of The Nutrition Society
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2008-10-10
- Volume
- 67
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 409-418
- ISSN
- 0029-6651 (ISSN-L)
- 1475-2719
- OpenAlex
- W2157486327
- Cited by
- 111
- References
- 108
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 4 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 0.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of The Nutrition Society (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Danone
- Vifor Pharma
- Danone Research Centre for Specialised Nutrition
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Rheumatoid Arthritis Research and Therapies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Inflammatory mediators and NSAID effects
- Keywords
- rheumatoid arthritis, polyunsaturated fatty acids, omega-3 fatty acids, eicosanoids, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, fish oil, resolvins, inflammation, autoimmune disease, cyclooxygenase pathway, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, synovitis
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Arthritis, Rheumatoid, Disease Models, Animal, Fish Oils, Humans, Fatty Acids, Omega-3, Eicosanoids, Fatty Acids, Omega-6
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