Long-chain fatty acids and inflammation
Open accessAbstract
Inflammation plays a key role in many common conditions and diseases. Fatty acids can influence inflammation through a variety of mechanisms acting from the membrane to the nucleus. They act through cell surface and intracellular receptors that control inflammatory cell signalling and gene expression patterns. Modifications of inflammatory cell membrane fatty acid composition can modify membrane fluidity, lipid raft formation and cell signalling leading to altered gene expression and can alter the pattern of lipid and peptide mediator production. Cells involved in the inflammatory response usually contain a relatively high proportion of the n-6 fatty acid arachidonic acid in their membrane phospholipids. Eicosanoids produced from arachidonic acid have well-recognised roles in inflammation. Oral administration of the marine n-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA increases the contents of EPA and DHA in the membranes of cells involved in inflammation. This is accompanied by a decrease in the amount of arachidonic acid present. EPA is a substrate for eicosanoid synthesis and these are often less potent than those produced from arachidonic acid. EPA gives rise to E-series resolvins and DHA gives rise to D-series resolvins and protectins. Resolvins and protectins are anti-inflammatory and inflammation resolving. Thus, the exposure of inflammatory cells to different types of fatty acids can influence their function and so has the potential to modify inflammatory processes.
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Upon incorporation into membrane phospholipids, EPA and DHA act as substrates for synthesis of lipid-derived mediators of inflammation.
“Upon their incorporation into membrane phospholipids, EPA and DHA act as substrates for the synthesis of lipid derived mediators of inflammation [60].”
From Potential Roles of n-3 PUFAs during Skeletal Muscle Growth and Regeneration (2018) · cites this paper as [60]
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- Authors
- Calder, P. C.
- Affiliations
- University of Southampton (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Calder, Philip C.
- ORCID
- Calder, Philip C.
- Venue
- Proceedings of The Nutrition Society
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2012-02-28
- Volume
- 71
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 284-289
- ISSN
- 0029-6651 (ISSN-L)
- 1475-2719
- OpenAlex
- W2098022288
- Cited by
- 222
- References
- 68
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 12.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of The Nutrition Society (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Mead Johnson Nutrition
- Danone
- Amarin Corporation
- Vifor Pharma
- Danone Research Centre for Specialised Nutrition
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Inflammatory mediators and NSAID effects
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Edible Oils Quality and Analysis
- Keywords
- long-chain fatty acids, inflammation, omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, arachidonic acid, eicosanoids, resolvins, protectins, membrane fatty acid composition, membrane fluidity, lipid rafts, anti-inflammatory mediators, marine omega-3 fatty acids
- MeSH terms
- Cell Membrane, Dietary Fats, Docosahexaenoic Acids, Fish Oils, Humans, Inflammation, Phospholipids, Eicosapentaenoic Acid, Eicosanoids, Arachidonic Acid, CD59 Antigens
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