The Behavioural Responses to Illness Questionnaire (BRIQ): a new predictive measure of medically unexplained symptoms following acute infection

SPENCE, MEAGAN; MOSS-MORRIS, RONA; CHALDER, TRUDIE

doi:10.1017/s0033291704003484

Cited by 110Psychosomatic Disorders and Their TreatmentsGastrointestinal motility and disordersFibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Research

The Behavioural Responses to Illness Questionnaire (BRIQ): a new predictive measure of medically unexplained symptoms following acute infection

SPENCE, MEAGAN, MOSS-MORRIS, RONA, CHALDER, TRUDIE·2005·Psychological Medicine

DOI 10.1017/s0033291704003484

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Abstract

Background. The aim of this study was to design a self-report measure of behavioural responses during the acute phase of an illness, in order to assess the importance of these behaviours in the development of ongoing medically unexplained syndromes. Method. An initial pool of items derived from theoretical models and clinical observation, was piloted on a group of 312 university students to assess the factor structure of the scale and the best fit items. The scale was further validated in a second study of 758 patients who were experiencing Campylobacter gastroenteritis. At 3 months post-infection, patients were sent a second questionnaire assessing symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Results. Principal components analysis of the items in the student sample yielded a four-factor solution, labelled all-or-nothing behaviour, limiting behaviour, emotional support seeking and practical support seeking. The factor structure was confirmed in the Campylobacter sample, and internal reliability was good. All-or-nothing behaviour was associated with IBS at 3 months post-infection. In contrast, limiting behaviour and practical support seeking at the time of infection appeared to be protective. Conclusion. The results suggest that this is a valid and reliable measure that can predict the development of a medically unexplained syndrome after acute infection. Overdoing things at the time of infection and then needing to rest for prolonged periods (all-or-nothing behaviour), appears to be a particular risk factor for the development of IBS. Targeted interventions at the time of infection may improve coping and prevent symptoms from becoming chronic.

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The Behavioural Responses to Illness Questionnaire (BRIQ) is a valid and reliable measure to predict the development of a functional disorder after acute infection.
“results suggested it to be a valid and reliable measure to predict the development of a functional disorder after acute infection [77].”
From Feasibility of group-based acceptance and commitment therapy for adolescents (AHEAD) with multiple functional somatic syndromes: A pilot study (2020) · cites this paper as [77]
Specific illness-related behaviours have shown to be risk factors for development of FSS in adults.
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From Comparing group-based acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) with enhanced usual care for adolescents with functional somatic syndromes: A study protocol for a randomised trial (2016) · cites this paper as [67]

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Authors: SPENCE, M., MOSS-MORRIS, R., & CHALDER, T.
Affiliations: University of Auckland (NZ)
King's College London (GB)
ORCID: MOSS-MORRIS, RONA
CHALDER, TRUDIE
Venue: Psychological Medicine
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Published: 2004-10-07
Volume: 35
Issue: 4
Pages: 583-593
ISSN: 0033-2917 (ISSN-L)
1469-8978
DOI: 10.1017/s0033291704003484
OpenAlex: W1987724846
Cited by: 110
References: 29
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 6
FWCI: 1.44
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified)
Locations: Psychological Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (submittedVersion)
Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
ResearchSpace (University of Auckland) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Research
Keywords: medically unexplained symptoms, irritable bowel syndrome, acute infection, Campylobacter gastroenteritis, asymptotic behavior, emotional support seeking, coping with illness, chronicity, scale development, factor structure
MeSH terms: Acute Disease, Adolescent, Adult, Campylobacter Infections, Convalescence, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Foodborne Diseases, Gastroenteritis, Humans, Influenza, Human, Male, Middle Aged, Personality Inventory, Pilot Projects, Psychometrics, Reference Values, Sick Role, Social Support, Somatoform Disorders, Statistics as Topic, Students, Syndrome, Reproducibility of Results, Irritable Bowel Syndrome

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The Behavioural Responses to Illness Questionnaire (BRIQ): a new predictive measure of medically unexplained symptoms following acute infection

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