Development and initial validation of the activity patterns scale in patients with chronic pain
Open accessAbstract
Unlabelled Several self-report measures were used to identify 6 activity patterns in chronic pain patients: pain avoidance, activity avoidance, task-contingent persistence, excessive persistence, pain-contingent persistence, and pacing. Instruments for assessing pacing should include 3 pacing behaviors (breaking tasks into smaller tasks, taking frequent short rests, slowing down), each of which relate to a single goal (increasing activity levels, conserving energy for valued activities, and reducing pain). This article presents the Activity Patterns Scale (APS), which assesses these 6 activity patterns. Study 1 included 291 participants with chronic pain, and tested 3 structures using confirmatory factor analyses. The structure with the best fit had 8 factors corresponding to the hypothesized scales. High correlations in the expected direction were found between the APS subscales and the "Patterns of Activity Measure-Pain." Study 2 included 111 patients with chronic pain, and aimed at examining the association between the APS subscales and adjustment to pain. It was found that that activity avoidance was associated with daily functioning and impairment. Negative affect was positively associated with activity avoidance and excessive persistence, and negatively associated with task-contingent persistence, which was also positively associated with positive affect. This study showed that the APS is a valid and reliable instrument for clinical practice and research.Perspective This article presents a valid and reliable instrument to assess activity patterns in patients with chronic pain. The findings suggest that avoidance, persistence, and pacing are multidimensional constructs. Distinguishing between these dimensions sheds light on previous contradictory results and has direct clinical implications regarding recommending the most advisable activity patterns.
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Internal structure validity of the POAM-P was not examined in the original study of the scale or in the Dutch adaptation, French adaptation and Spanish translation studies.
“internal structure validity was not examined in the original study of the scale or in the Dutch adaptation, French adaptation, and Spanish translation studies”
From Turkish Translation of the Patterns of Activity Measure-Pain in Patients with Chronic Low Back and Neck Pain: Validity and Reliability. (2022) · cites this paper as Esteve et al., 2016
The POAM-P was also translated into Spanish, but its validity was not tested.
“POAMP was also translated into Spanish, but its validity was not tested”
From Turkish Translation of the Patterns of Activity Measure-Pain in Patients with Chronic Low Back and Neck Pain: Validity and Reliability. (2022) · cites this paper as Esteve et al., 2016
The ICC scores with test-retest reliability were not examined in the original study, the Dutch version or the Spanish translation of the POAM-P.
“The ICC scores with the test-retest reliability was not examined in the original study, the Dutch version, or the Spanish translation.”
From Turkish Translation of the Patterns of Activity Measure-Pain in Patients with Chronic Low Back and Neck Pain: Validity and Reliability. (2022) · cites this paper as Esteve et al., 2016
The Cronbach alpha values of the Spanish translation of the POAM-P were 0.88 for avoidance, 0.85 for overdoing and 0.91 for pacing.
“The Cronbach alpha values of the Spanish translation for avoidance, overdoing, and pacing dimensions were 0.88, 0.85, and 0.91, respectively”
From Turkish Translation of the Patterns of Activity Measure-Pain in Patients with Chronic Low Back and Neck Pain: Validity and Reliability. (2022) · cites this paper as Esteve et al., 2016
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- Authors
- Esteve, R., Ramírez-Maestre, C., Peters, M. L., Serrano-Ibáñez, E. R., Ruíz-Párraga, G. T., & López-Martínez, A. E.
- Affiliations
- Universidad de Málaga (ES)
- Maastricht University (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Esteve, Rosa
- Venue
- The Journal of Pain
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-04
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 451-461
- ISSN
- 1526-5900 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2216725463
- Cited by
- 71
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 2.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Pain (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Málaga (University of Málaga) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (PSI2013‐42512‐P, HUM-566)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Pediatric Pain Management Techniques
- Keywords
- chronic pain, activity patterns, pain avoidance, activity avoidance, pacing, daily functioning, impairment, negative affect, positive affect
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Avoidance Learning, Disability Evaluation, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Fibromyalgia, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Motor Activity, Pain Measurement, Rheumatic Diseases, Reproducibility of Results, Self Report, Chronic Pain
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