Influence of predispositions on post-traumatic stress disorder: does it vary by trauma severity?
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Only a minority of trauma victims (<10%) develops post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), suggesting that victims vary in predispositions to the PTSD response to traumas. It is assumed that the influence of predispositions is inversely related to trauma severity: when trauma is extreme predispositions are assumed to play a secondary role. This assumption has not been tested. We estimate the influence of key predispositions on PTSD induced by an extreme trauma - associated with a high percentage of PTSD - (sexual assault), relative to events of lower magnitude (accidents, disaster, and unexpected death of someone close). METHOD: The National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) is representative of the adult population of the USA. A total of 34 653 respondents completed the second wave in which lifetime PTSD was assessed. We conducted three series of multinomial logistic regressions, comparing the influence of six predispositions on the PTSD effect of sexual assault with each comparison event. Three pre-existing disorders and three parental history variables were examined. RESULTS: Predispositions predicted elevated PTSD risk among victims of sexual assault as they did among victims of comparison events. We detected no evidence that the influence of predispositions on PTSD risk was significantly lower when the event was sexual assault, relative to accidents, disasters and unexpected death of someone close. CONCLUSIONS: Important predispositions increase the risk of PTSD following sexual assault as much as they do following accidents, disaster, and unexpected death of someone close. Research on other predispositions and alternative classifications of event severity would be illuminating.
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Rape and other forms of sexual assault are associated with a higher risk for the development of PTSD compared to other trauma types.
“Rape and other forms of sexual assault are associated with a higher risk for the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) compared to other trauma types (Breslau et al., 2013;Yehuda et al., 2015).”
From Risk and protective factors affecting the symptom trajectory of posttraumatic stress disorder post-rape (2022) · cites this paper as Breslau et al., 2013
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- Authors
- Breslau, N., Troost, J. P., Bohnert, K., & Luo, Z.
- Affiliations
- Michigan State University (US)
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs (US)
- Corresponding author
- Breslau, N.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Psychological Medicine
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2012-06-18
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 381-390
- ISSN
- 0033-2917 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-8978
- PMC
- PMC3924550
- OpenAlex
- W2122749093
- Cited by
- 51
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 5.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Psychological Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH 44586, MH092737, MH071395, R01MH044586, R01MH071395, RC4MH092737)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
- Keywords
- post-traumatic stress disorder, injury severity, sexual assault, parental history, accidents, disasters, NESARC
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Anxiety Disorders, Child, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Depressive Disorder, Disease Susceptibility, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Life Change Events, Male, Risk Factors, Sex Offenses, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, United States, Logistic Models, Child of Impaired Parents, Substance-Related Disorders
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