Role of Stress, Arousal, and Coping Skills in Primary Insomnia
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Although stress is often presumed to cause sleep disturbances, little research has documented the role of stressful life events in primary insomnia. The present study examined the relationship of stress and coping skills, and the potential mediating role of presleep arousal, to sleep patterns in good sleepers and insomnia sufferers. METHODS: The sample was composed of 67 participants (38 women, 29 men; mean age, 39.6 years), 40 individuals with insomnia and 27 good sleepers. Subjects completed prospective, daily measures of stressful events, presleep arousal, and sleep for 21 consecutive days. In addition, they completed several retrospective and global measures of depression, anxiety, stressful life events, and coping skills. RESULTS: The results showed that poor and good sleepers reported equivalent numbers of minor stressful life events. However, insomniacs rated both the impact of daily minor stressors and the intensity of major negative life events higher than did good sleepers. In addition, insomniacs perceived their lives as more stressful, relied more on emotion-oriented coping strategies, and reported greater presleep arousal than good sleepers. Prospective daily data showed significant relationships between daytime stress and nighttime sleep, but presleep arousal and coping skills played an important mediating role. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that the appraisal of stressors and the perceived lack of control over stressful events, rather than the number of stressful events per se, enhance the vulnerability to insomnia. Arousal and coping skills play an important mediating role between stress and sleep. The main implication of these results is that insomnia treatments should incorporate clinical methods designed to teach effective stress appraisal and coping skills.
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Hyperarousal mechanisms, including sympathetic nervous system activation, contribute to the onset and perpetuation of insomnia.
“because it is thought that hyperarousal mechanisms, including activation of the SNS, contribute to the onset and perpetuation of insomnia (Morin et al, 2003;Nofzinger et al, 2004;Bonnet and Arand, 2010)”
From Sleep health: Reciprocal regulation of sleep and innate immunity (2017) · cites this paper as Morin et al, 2003
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- Authors
- Morin, C. M., Rodrigue, S., & Ivers, H.
- Affiliations
- Université Laval (CA)
- Venue
- Psychosomatic Medicine
- Published
- 2003-03
- Volume
- 65
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 259-267
- ISSN
- 0033-3174 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2094372521
- Cited by
- 739
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 47 · 2022: 49 · 2021: 50 · 2020: 42 · 2019: 38 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 46 · 2016: 37 · 2015: 37 · 2014: 36 · 2013: 35 · 2012: 34
- FWCI
- 20.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychosomatic Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Public Health Service (60413, 55469)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
- Keywords
- primary insomnia, stress, coping strategies, life events, emotion-focused coping, perceived lack of control, sleep patterns, insomnia treatment
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Arousal, Female, Humans, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Psychological, Prospective Studies, Sleep, Stress, Psychological
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