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Cited by 173Evolutionary Psychology and Human BehaviorAnimal Behavior and ReproductionEmotions and Moral Behavior

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 597 of the 597 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

A socio-relational framework of sex differences in the expression of emotion

Vigil, Jacob Miguel·2009·Behavioral and Brain Sciences
DOI 10.1017/s0140525x09991075
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Abstract

Despite a staggering body of research demonstrating sex differences in expressed emotion, very few theoretical models (evolutionary or non-evolutionary) offer a critical examination of the adaptive nature of such differences. From the perspective of a socio-relational framework, emotive behaviors evolved to promote the attraction and aversion of different types of relationships by advertising the two most parsimonious properties of reciprocity potential, or perceived attractiveness as a prospective social partner. These are the individual's (a) perceived capacity or ability to provide expedient resources, or to inflict immediate harm onto others, and their (b) perceived trustworthiness or probability of actually reciprocating altruism (Vigil 2007). Depending on the unique social demands and relational constraints that each sex evolved, individuals should be sensitive to advertise "capacity" and "trustworthiness" cues through selective displays of dominant versus submissive and masculine versus feminine emotive behaviors, respectively. In this article, I introduce the basic theoretical assumptions and hypotheses of the framework, and show how the models provide a solid scaffold with which to begin to interpret common sex differences in the emotional development literature. I conclude by describing how the framework can be used to predict condition-based and situation-based variation in affect and other forms of expressive behaviors.

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Citations

Cites

Items 401–597 of 597

Research works printed but not linked: 33

  1. Camras, 1993, Handbook of emotions, 199
  2. Dunn, 2003, The handbook of affective science, 332
  3. de Waal, 1993, The origin of values, 285
  4. Davidson, 1993, Handbook of emotions, 143
  5. Daly, 1988, Homicide
  6. Cosmides, 2000, Handbook of emotions, 91
  7. Cacioppo, 1993, Handbook of emotions, 119
  8. Brown, 2000, Handbook of emotions, 75
  9. Brody, 2000, Handbook of emotions, 338
  10. Winston, 2002, Nature, 5, 277
  11. Eisenberg, 2003, The handbook of affective science, 787
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  13. Frijda, 1993, Handbook of emotions, 381
  14. Webbink, 1986, The power of the eyes
  15. Belle, 1987, Gender and stress, 257
  16. Vigil, Child Development
  17. 10.1037/0021-843X.111.4.578 · DOI · Paper page
  18. Seals, 2003, Adolescence, 38, 735
  19. Scherer, 2003, Handbook of the affective sciences, 433
  20. 10.1037/0012-1649.36.1.14 · DOI
  21. Probst, 2006, Family Medicine, 38, 653
  22. Panksepp, 2000, Handbook of emotions, 137
  23. Öhman, 2003, Handbook of affective sciences, 256
  24. McGuire, 1993, Handbook of emotions, 155
  25. Izard, 1993, Handbook of emotions, 631
  26. Isen, 2000, Handbook of emotions, 417
  27. McCart, 2005, Journal of Adolescent Health, e7
  28. Matthews, 1998, Personality traits
  29. Kim, 1994, Individualism and collectivism: Theory, method, and applications
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  32. Hamm, 2003, The handbook of affective science, 187
  33. Grammer, 1990, Natürlichkeit der Sprache und der Kultur: Acta Colloquii, 192

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Metadata

Authors
Vigil, J. M.
Affiliations
University of North Florida (US)
Corresponding author
Vigil, Jacob Miguel
ORCID
Vigil, Jacob Miguel
Venue
Behavioral and Brain Sciences
Publisher
Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Published
2009-10
Volume
32
Issue
5
Pages
375-390
ISSN
  • 0140-525X (ISSN-L)
  • 1469-1825
DOI
10.1017/s0140525x09991075
OpenAlex
W2168146063
Cited by
173
References
597
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 13
FWCI
16.05
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified, 13 d)
Locations
  • Behavioral and Brain Sciences (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Animal Behavior and Reproduction
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
Keywords
sex differences, emotional expression, evolutionary psychology, reciprocity, perceived attractiveness, trustworthiness, dominance, emotional development, emotional behavior, gender differences in emotion
MeSH terms
Adult, Affect, Child, Child Development, Culture, Facial Expression, Female, Hostility, Humans, Male, Models, Psychological, Nonverbal Communication, Sex Characteristics, Social Behavior, Social Environment, Social Perception, Verbal Behavior, Expressed Emotion, Trust, Femininity, Masculinity

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