THE EFFECTS OF PLANNING ON FLUENCY, COMPLEXITY, AND ACCURACY IN SECOND LANGUAGE NARRATIVE WRITING

AN INVESTIGATION OF GENDER DIFFERENCES AND SELF-EFFICACY IN WRITING PERFORMANCE AMONG COLLEGE EFL LEARNERS

Masrul, M., & Erliana, S. (2024) · ELP (Journal of English Language Pedagogy) · doi:10.36665/elp.v9i1.849 · Cited by 1

Fluency across modes: an exploratory study of L1 and L2 spoken and written fluency

Mutta, M., Peltonen, P., Laine, P., & Lintunen, P. (2024) · IRAL - International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching · doi:10.1515/iral-2024-0187 · Cited by 11

Response time for English learners on large-scale writing assessments

Welch, C. J., Dunbar, S. B., Ji, J., et al. (2025) · Assessing Writing · doi:10.1016/j.asw.2025.100979 · Cited by 1

The impact of multimodal composing on CSL learners’ writing performance: Considering language, structure, and content dimensions

Pan, Y., & Lei, L. (2025) · Language Teaching Research · doi:10.1177/13621688251352262 · Cited by 1

When tasks meet tech: task type effects on L2 writing linguistic complexity and the moderating role of AI literacy

Huang, Z., Abbas, G., Nazar, N., & Jiang, Z. (2025) · Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching · doi:10.1080/17501229.2025.2602795 · Cited by 3

Do Large Language Models Encode Second-Language Writing Proficiency? A CALF-Based Perspective

Carlo, M., & Takeuchi, O. (2026) · Digital studies in language and literature · doi:10.1515/dsll-2025-0019 · Cited by 3

Strategic Planning Focus and Time in Narrative Writing

Marzban, A., & Norouzi, M. (2012) · Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.366 · Cited by 1

Planning Time and Writing Quality in Expository Writing

Abdollahzade, E., & Taak, M. (2014) · Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.03.385 · Cited by 1

Guided Task-based Planning and Writing Accuracy: The Case of Iranian Lower-intermediate EFL Learners

Kabiri, M. (2015) · Theory and Practice in Language Studies · doi:10.17507/tpls.0503.10 · Cited by 2

The Effect of Planning on the Iranian EFL Learners` Performance of Grammatical Collocations in Speech

Nejadansari, D., & Alijanian, E. (2012) · World Journal of English Language · doi:10.5430/wjel.v2n2p2 · Cited by 1

Multimedia Activities in L2 Course Websites – The Case Study of a Site Dedicated to Cultural Topics of Portuguese-Speaking Countries

Vasconcelos, R. (2012) · CALICO Journal · doi:10.11139/cj.29.4.639-662 · Cited by 2

Identifying Effective English L2 Writing Interventions: Emerging Trends and Issues in Recent Research

채수은 (2012) · English Teaching · doi:10.15858/engtea.67.4.201212.3 · Cited by 1

The Effect of Immediate and Delayed Error Correction on Accuracy of EFL Learners’ Oral Production

Safari, F. (2016) · Journal of Studies in Education · doi:10.5296/jse.v6i3.8915 · Cited by 1

Tweetstorming in the Language Classroom : Impact on EFL Tertiary Students' Ideational Fluency and Syntactic Complexity

Ammar, A. M. I. (2016) · المجلة التربوية لکلية التربية بسوهاج · doi:10.21608/edusohag.2016.125616 · Cited by 1

The effect of monologue memorization tasks on Iranian EFL learners' fluency

Abaspour, F., & Barjesteh, H. (2017) · International Journal of Research Studies in Education · doi:10.5861/ijrse.2017.1857 · Cited by 1

Task-Based Testing and Assessment

Ellis, R., Skehan, P., Li, S., Shintani, N., & Lambert, C. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108643689.014 · Cited by 2

Assessing Intercultural Communication

Abrams, Z. I. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108780360.011 · Cited by 1

Questions, Challenges and the Future

Ellis, R., Skehan, P., Li, S., Shintani, N., & Lambert, C. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108643689.020 · Cited by 1

A Task-Based Language Needs Analysis of Syrian Refugee Parents in Turkey

Toker, Ş., & Sağdıç, A. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108868327.007 · Cited by 1

Teacher Preparation and Support for Task-Based Language Teaching

East, M. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108868327.026 · Cited by 2

Comparing the Effectiveness of Task-Based Language Teaching and Presentation-Practice-Production on Second Language Grammar Learning

Borro, I. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108868327.031 · Cited by 3

Cultural Transitions

Abrams, Z. I. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108780360.012 · Cited by 1

The development of world language speaking and writing in US higher education: A longitudinal case study

Hubert, M. D. (2022) · International Journal of Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1111/ijal.12415 · Cited by 1

Enjeux et les limites d’un dialogue entre la psychologie cognitive et la didactique des langues

Roussel, S. (2022) · Éducation & didactique · doi:10.4000/educationdidactique.10254 · Cited by 1

EFL Learners’ Use of Metacognitive Writing Strategies in Türkiye: A Descriptive Study

Üstünbaş, Ü. (2024) · Journal of Higher Education and Science · doi:10.5961/higheredusci.1364465 · Cited by 1

Interface vulnerability in bilingual grammars?

Etxebarria, E., & Montrul, S. (2025) · Isogloss Open Journal of Romance Linguistics · doi:10.5565/rev/isogloss.436 · Cited by 1

The Impact of Computer-Mediated Collaborative Writing on the Acquisition of Russian Impersonal Sentences: A Pilot Study

Moroni, E. (2025) · Instructed Second Language Acquisition · doi:10.3138/isla-2025-0008 · Cited by 1

The Impact of Task Planning on Iranian EFL Learners’ Writings

Haghverdi, H. R., Khalaji, H. R., & Biria, R. (2013) · Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.01.115 · Cited by 1

Accounting Students’ Planning, Writing, and Performance on a Time-Constrained Case Analysis: Effects of Self-Talk and Prior Achievement

Phillips, F., & Schmidt, R. N. (2016) · Accounting Perspectives · doi:10.1111/1911-3838.12132 · Cited by 1

Gender differences in L2 argumentative writing: An analysis of syntactic complexity.

황은경, & Choe, J.-W. (2016) · Journal of the Korea English Education Society · doi:10.18649/jkees.2016.15.1.127 · Cited by 1

CORRELATIONS OF ENGLISH WRITING COMPLEXITY, ACCURACY, FLUENCY, AND TEST SCORES: A CASE STUDY OF STANDARDIZED WRITING TEST SAMPLES

Lin, M. H. (2019) · Journal of Teaching English for Specific and Academic Purposes · doi:10.22190/jtesap1902199l · Cited by 1

“I Have a Question”

Sağdıç, A., & Reagan, D. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108868327.012 · Cited by 1

Psycholinguistic Perspectives

Ellis, R., Skehan, P., Li, S., Shintani, N., & Lambert, C. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108643689.007 · Cited by 2

Pedagogical Perspectives

Ellis, R., Skehan, P., Li, S., Shintani, N., & Lambert, C. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108643689.011 · Cited by 1

Testing the validity of Processability Theory through a corpus-based analysis

Yamaguchi, Y., & Usami, H. (2023) · Processability approaches to language acquisition research & teaching · doi:10.1075/palart.9.11yam · Cited by 1

Task complexity effects on the complexity and accuracy of writing via text chat

Adams, R., Alwi, N. N. M., & Newton, J. (2020) · doi:10.26686/wgtn.12744746.v1 · Cited by 1

The Effect of Mixed Planning on the Fluency and Complexity of EFL Learners' Writing Performance

Seifollahi, M., & Tamjid, N. H. (2012) · Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.05.195

An Investigation of EFL Learners’ Mental Processes in L2 Writing: The Case of Iranian EFL Learners

Ahmadian, M., Rahimi, S., & Asefi, A. (2016) · Theory and Practice in Language Studies · doi:10.17507/tpls.0605.15

The Effects of Task Complexity on Adult EFL Learners’ Narrative Writing

주우정, & 박매란 (2016) · Journal of North-east Asian Cultures · doi:10.17949/jneac.1.46.201603.008

A Study on Analyzing English Learning Mistakes in Korean EFL Learners’ Speaking Proficiency

박승원 (2016) · Studies in English Language & Literature · doi:10.21559/aellk.2016.42.3.010

The Key Concepts

Loewen, S., & Reinders, H. (2011) · doi:10.1007/978-0-230-34627-7_1

The Effects of Pre-task and On-line Task Planning on L2 Learners' Oral Performance Level: An Empirical Study

Feng, X. (2017) · Advances in computer science research · doi:10.2991/emcm-16.2017.33

The effects of task complexity on the accuracy, syntactic complexity, and fluency of EFL learners’ compositions

주우정, Cho, Y., & 박매란 (2017) · English Language Teaching · doi:10.17936/pkelt.2017.29.1.008

Writing Strategies as Mediated Actions: A Case Study of L2 Research Paper Writing in an Electronic Environment

CHOIYEONHEE (2017) · 교과교육학연구 · doi:10.24231/rici.2017.21.5.471

The Effect of Planning on Complexity, and Accuracy in Second Language Production: A Case Study in Learner’s Writing

Suhendar, K. (2018) · ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities · doi:10.34050/els-jish.v1i4.5762

ESL and EFL Writing Instruction: Challenges and opportunities

Reichelt, M. (2013) · Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego eBooks · doi:10.18778/7969-032-9.02

The effect of task modality and discourse mode on EFL learners’ narrative task performance

Asgari, M., & Jafari, S. (2019) · Dutch Journal of Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1075/dujal.17031.asg

Responding to the Critics of Task-Based Language Teaching

Ellis, R., Skehan, P., Li, S., Shintani, N., & Lambert, C. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108643689.019

O Planejamento leva à Perfeição? Os Efeitos de Diferentes Condições de Planejamento Pré-Tarefa sobre o Desempenho Oral em L2

Leandro, D. C., & Weissheimer, J. (2020) · Revista da Anpoll · doi:10.18309/anp.v51i1.1410

The Effect Of Task Complexity On Writing Production

Belghoul, H., & Merrouche, S. (2020) · مجلة العلوم الإنسانية · doi:10.34174/0079-031-003-037

CAF Profiles of Iranian Writers: What We Learn from Them and Their Limitations

Shahmirzadi, N. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-53254-3_5

Intercultural Communication: Teaching Nonverbal Communication

Abrams, Z. I. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108780360.009

The Learner as Analyst: Methods and Sources of Data Analysis

Abrams, Z. I. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108780360.004

Intercultural Communication: Teaching Vocabulary

Abrams, Z. I. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108780360.005

Key Concepts in Intercultural Communication

Abrams, Z. I. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108780360.002 · Cited by 1

Intercultural Communication: Teaching Grammar

Abrams, Z. I. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108780360.006

Intercultural Communication: Teaching Pragmatics

Abrams, Z. I. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108780360.007

Curricular Plans for Teaching with an Intercultural Communication Orientation

Abrams, Z. I. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108780360.015

Pedagogical Foundations of Teaching Intercultural Communication for L2/Lx Use

Abrams, Z. I. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108780360.003 · Cited by 2

Cultures and Identities

Abrams, Z. I. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108780360.013

Intercultural Communication: Teaching Cultural Knowledge

Abrams, Z. I. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108780360.010

Effects of Task Complexity on Text Easibility and Coherence of EFL Learners’ Narrative Writing

Yıldız, M., & Yeşilyurt, S. (2021) · Adıyaman Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi · doi:10.17984/adyuebd.839236

Intercultural Communication: Teaching Paralinguistic Features

Abrams, Z. I. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108780360.008 · Cited by 1

Investigating Task-Based Programmes

Ellis, R., Skehan, P., Li, S., Shintani, N., & Lambert, C. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108643689.015

Delivering Task-Based Language Teaching at Scale

Nielson, K. B. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108868327.020

Designing a Classroom-Based Task-Based Language Assessment Framework for Primary Schools

Gorp, K. V. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108868327.033

Developing a Task-Based Approach

Oliver, R. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108868327.006

Examining High-School Learners’ Experience of Task Motivation and Difficulty in a Two-Week Spanish Immersion Camp

Gurzynski‐Weiss, L., Giacomino, L., & Jarrett, D. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108868327.032

Blustery with an Occasional Downpour

Maie, R., & Salen, B. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108868327.011

Task-Based Language Teaching and Indigenous Language Revitalisation

Riestenberg, K. J., & Sherris, A. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108868327.021

Task-Based Language Teaching in a Japanese University

Lambert, C. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108868327.008

Training for Tasks the Cooperative Way

McMillan, N., & Jordan, G. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108868327.028

Index

Ahmadian, M. J., & Long, M. H. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108868327.038

Conclusion

Ahmadian, M. J., & Long, M. H. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108868327.037

Examining the Language Learning Potential of a Task-Based Approach to Synchronous Computer-Meditated communication

Alwi, N. A. N. M. (2010) · Open Access Victoria University of Wellington | Te Herenga Waka (Figshare) · doi:10.26686/wgtn.16971355.v1 · Cited by 48

Index

Abrams, Z. I. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108780360.016

Introduction

Abrams, Z. I. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108780360.001

References

Ellis, R., Skehan, P., Li, S., Shintani, N., & Lambert, C. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108643689.022

Endnotes

Ellis, R., Skehan, P., Li, S., Shintani, N., & Lambert, C. (2019) · Task-based language teaching · doi:10.1017/9781108643689.021

Comparative Method Studies

Ellis, R., Skehan, P., Li, S., Shintani, N., & Lambert, C. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108643689.016

Authors’ Preface

Ellis, R., Skehan, P., Li, S., Shintani, N., & Lambert, C. (2019) · Task-based language teaching · doi:10.1017/9781108643689.002 · Cited by 1

Moving Forward

Ellis, R., Skehan, P., Li, S., Shintani, N., & Lambert, C. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108643689.018

Series Editors’ Preface

Ellis, R., Skehan, P., Li, S., Shintani, N., & Lambert, C. (2019) · Task-based language teaching · doi:10.1017/9781108643689.001

Theoretical Perspectives

Ellis, R., Skehan, P., Li, S., Shintani, N., & Lambert, C. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108643689.005

Introduction

Ellis, R., Skehan, P., Li, S., Shintani, N., & Lambert, C. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108643689.003 · Cited by 3

Writing to learn via text chat: Task implementation and focus on form

Nik, A., Adams, R., & Newton, J. (2020) · doi:10.26686/wgtn.12749669

Task complexity effects on the complexity and accuracy of writing via text chat

Adams, R., Alwi, N. N. M., & Newton, J. (2020) · doi:10.26686/wgtn.12744746

Syntactic Analysis

Lu, X. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-017-8645-4_6

Index

Ellis, R., Skehan, P., Li, S., Shintani, N., & Lambert, C. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108643689.023

O Planejamento leva à Perfeição? Os Efeitos de Diferentes Condições de Planejamento Pré-Tarefa sobre o Desempenho Oral em L2

Leandro, D. C., & Weissheimer, J. (2020) · Revista da Anpoll · doi:10.18309/anp.v1i51.1410

Writing to learn via text chat: Task implementation and focus on form

Nik, A., Adams, R., & Newton, J. (2020) · doi:10.26686/wgtn.12749669.v1

General Discussion for Study 2 (Chapter 6) and Study 3 (Chapter 7)

Silva, B. B. (2022) · Second language learning and teaching · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-06505-7_8

Study 2—Incidental Lexical Learning Through Writing Sentences and Timed Compositions: Is Learning Affected by Task-Induced Cognitive Load?

Silva, B. B. (2022) · Second language learning and teaching · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-06505-7_6

The Effects of Task Complexity, Strategic Planning and No Planning on EFL Students` Narrative Writing Performance

(2016) · Maǧallaẗ Kulliyyaẗ Al-Tarbiyyaẗ Ǧāmiʻaẗ Al-Minufiyyaẗ /Maǧallaẗ Kulliyyaẗ Al-Tarbiyyaẗ Ǧāmiʻaẗ Al-Minufiyyaẗ · doi:10.21608/muja.2016.109689

ADECUACIÓN TEXTUAL, COMPLEJIDAD Y PRECISIÓN MORFOSINTÁCTICA Y LÉXICA EN LA EXPRESIÓN ESCRITA DE ADOLESCENTES EN ESPAÑOL L2. ADEQUACY, MORPHOSYNTACTIC AND LEXICAL COMPLEXITY AND ACCURACY OF ADOLESCENT L2 SPANISH WRITING

Navarrete, I. M., & Cuart, M. J. C. (2022) · Culture Crossroads · doi:10.55877/cc.vol15.184

Quality of Writing in EFL University Students' Descriptive Essays

Rashid, A. K., & Jawad, I. T. (2023) · مجلة آداب الفراهيدي · doi:10.51990/jaa.15.53.3.28

ความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างความรู้อภิภาษาศาสตร์กับการออกเสียงสั้นยาวของสระภาษาไทยโดยผู้เรียนชาวจีนก่อนและหลังการแทรกเชิงปฏิบัติ

จาง, เ. (2020) · Chula Digiverse · doi:10.58837/chula.the.2020.960

Innovative Approaches in Teaching English Writing to Chinese SpeakersPreprint

Teng, M. F. (2023) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/nsrkf · Cited by 1

The effects of planning and task on Chinese high school students’ English language performance

Sun, Y., & Tong, W. (2023) · Journal of Language Teaching · doi:10.54475/jlt.2023.019

Literature Review

Yang, C., & Zhang, L. J. (2023) · English language education · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-39574-1_2

Susquehanna Chorale Spring Concert "Roots and Wings"

Hawkins, D. (2017)

Approach of Fluency First and Teaching of English Reading

Yang-fe, Z. (2010) · Journal of Longyan University

Fluency and fluency disorders: Their definition, measurement, and modification

Hegde, M. N. (1978) · Journal of Fluency Disorders · doi:10.1016/0094-730x(78)90006-2 · Cited by 12

The enigma of fluency: A single case study

Goldsmith, T., & Anderson, D. (1984) · South African Journal of Communication Disorders · doi:10.4102/sajcd.v31i1.346 · Cited by 3

Oral Reading Fluency

Jeon, E. (2018) · The TESOL Encyclopedia of English Language Teaching · doi:10.1002/9781118784235.eelt0463 · Cited by 5