Developmental systems and psychopathology

“According to developmental and social–ecological theory, variations in individual functioning can trigger a sequence of events [14,15].”

“Theoretical models of child development point to the bidirectionality of development processes, where parents and children both influence and are influenced by each other (e.g., Belsky, 1984; Bronfenbrenner, 1977; Cicchetti & Toth, 1997; Sameroff, 2000).”

“The DP perspective emphasizes that cumulative and contextual experiences also influence development, interplaying with early experiences to shape adaption and maladaption (Cicchetti & Toth, 2009; Sameroff, 2000; Sroufe et al., 2005).”

“, Sameroff, 2000). Hence, analyses on the endorsement of single demands were not in the focus of the present analyses. The mean for the work-related count variable was M = 2.43 (SD = 2.18), for the family-related count variable was M = 1.50 (SD = 1.52), and for the public life-related count variable was M = 1.28 (SD =…”

“The IM attempts to incorporate both of these perspectives and is broadly consistent with transactional models of human development (e.g., Sameroff, 2000; Sameroff & Chandler, 1975), or the notion that “developmental outcomes are neither a function of the individual alone nor a function of the…”

“, Sameroff, 2000). Tomasik and Silbereisen (2009) provide evidence for the validity of the cumulative index.”

“Moreover, because of the transactional nature of the relationship between parents and children (Sameroff, 2000), stress associated with the context of poverty often further exacerbates the impact of depression on the entire family (Brown & Moran, 1997; Petterson & Friel, 2001).”

“We based on transactional model, which considered the bidirectional interplay between children’s and mothers’ characteristics on the onset of developmental psychopathology, that in turn may lead to a poor quality of dyadic interactions during feeding [47].”

“Promotive factors place family members on a trajectory toward positive development and functioning regardless of risk level (Masten & Cicchetti, 2016; Masten, 2013; Rutter, 2012; Sameroff, 2000).”

“On the other hand, premature behavioral autonomy might open up a negative developmental pathway with long-lasting effects (e.g., Caprara, Dodge, Pastorelli, & Zelli, 2006; Heckhausen & Schulz, 1999; Rutter, 1999; Sameroff, 2000).”

“From the perspective of developmental cascade models, the program’s effects on these risk and protective factors in childhood were expected to lead to positive changes across domains of functioning (Masten et al., 2005; Rutter & Sroufe, 2000; Sameroff, 2000).”

“Indeed, considerable evidence indicates that parent–child interactions are transactional; parents’ cognitions and emotions regarding their children influence and are influenced by their children’s behavior (Sameroff, 2000).”

“DST is grounded in the application of dynamic systems perspectives to the study of human development (Sameroff, 2000; Smith & Thelen, 2003).”

“Surprisingly, day-care/school factors were not mentioned as contributing to the development of child conduct problems, indicating that teachers in the present study did not explicitly relate processes in day-care/school settings as possible and negative turning points (Sameroff, 2000).”

“Dynamic systems theory posits that small changes in one area of functioning can trigger a chain of consequences that have large developmental effects (Damon & Lerner, 2008; Sameroff, 2000).”

“…relationship and adolescent behavior problems is consistent with growing evidence about the difficulty of maintaining a good parent-child relationship with adolescents with behavior problems (Burke et al., 2008; Hipwell et al., 2008; Keijsers et al., 2011; Pardini et al., 2008; Sameroff, 2000).”

“Recognizing that risk factors frequently co-occur (Sameroff, 2000), this study extends past research by testing three-way interactions to simultaneously consider the roles of multiple potential risk factors.”

“This transactional relationship between multiple ecological systems has been shown as an essential contribution to child development (Masten et al., 2021; Sameroff, 2000), specifically for the development of social skills.”

“Protective factors and processes (PFPs) support positive outcomes (e.g., mental health) at high levels of risk exposure (Sameroff, 2000).”

“Investiga a natureza do processo de desenvolvimento, as origens e os cursos de padrões individuais de adaptação comportamental, assim como os fatores e mecanismos que influenciam positiva ou negativamente estas diferentes trajetórias de vida (Achenbach, 1992; Garber, 1984; Sameroff, 2000).”

“by Samerroff [59], risk is related to outcomes in a Table 4 Multivariate associations between CAs and first onset of DSM-IV/CIDI classes of disorders”

“The complexity aggression requires that we test a multi-level transactional model (Bronfenbrenner & Ceci, 1994; Bron-fenbrenner & Morris, 2007; Sameroff, 2000; Sameroff, 2010).”

“Research has shown the advantage of combining highly correlated covariates that are indicators of risk (e.g., Sameroff, 2000).”

“The development of youth involves continuous transactions of a dynamic system of factors (Magnusson & Cairns, 1996; Sameroff, 2000).”

“This suggests that problem behavior in one environment can transfer to another, for example, from home to school and vice versa (Bronfenbrenner, 1986; Brown-Wright et al., 2013; DiLalla & Mullineaux, 2008; Sameroff, 2000).”

“In general, little knowledge has been established on the underlying psychopathological processes, but recently several articles have focused on the adaptive process and questions aimed at understanding co-morbidity [16, 32, 48, 49].”

“It is the first social environment that the child has experienced, which is highly important to reduce the risk factors and to protect them against environmental hazards (9).”

“Já no campo da Psicopatologia do Desenvolvimento, situa-se o interesse pelo estudo dos fatores de risco e proteção (Rutter & Sroufer, 2000; Sameroff, 2000).”

“The cumulative risk hypothesis suggests that the most detrimental effects on the child are caused when risk factors accumulate (Rutter 1979; Sameroff 1998; 2000).”

“Based on a transactional theoretical model, the process of child development is considered dialectical, shaped by both parent and child factors.(8) In addition, child characteristics, such as temperament, may influence the degree of the parenting effects, based on interaction theoretical models.”

“Emergence of maladaptive behavior is not surprising, as lack of parental care and nurturance threatens the health and development of children (Rutter & Sroufe, 2000; Sameroff, 2000).”

“Transactional models of development (Cicchetti & Lynch, 1993; Sameroff, 1999; Sameroff, 2000 ; Sameroff, 2009; Sameroff & Fiese, 1990), such as several other developmental theories, elaborate on these associations by recognizing that adolescent engagement problems are the product of the continuous…”

“We proposed an ecological systems perspective adapted to sleep (Sameroff, 2000; Sadeh & Anders, 1993) as an organizing framework for presenting the empirical papers illustrating some of the multiple influences on children’s sleep.”

“This dichotomous approach is relatively simplistic and multiple risk criteria are likely to reveal a greater range and denote the complexities of risk influence on the development of psychopathology in young people [10–13].”

“Critical to these perspectives is an analytic focus on bidirectional effects between individual and socialcontextual variables typically examined in autoregressive cross-lagged models (Sameroff, 2000).”

“Parents who are responsive, warm, and provide appropriate control promote and protect their children’s development (Egeland, Carlson, & Sroufe, 1993; Kilmer, Cowen, & Wyman, 2001; Sameroff, 2000, 2010; Sameroff, Gutman, & Peck, 2003; Werner & Smith, 1982).”

“Person— environment transactional models posit that dynamic person— environment processes affect the development of problems and competencies, which, in turn, influence the social environment and development of competencies and problems later in development (Sameroff, 2000).”

“This model also incorporates the concepts of multiple determinants (Belsky, 1984) and cumulative risk (Sameroff, 2000) in that the firstborn’s developmental outcomes following the birth are related to how many individual (e.g., temperamental reactivity, maternal depression) and contextual (e.g.,…”

“Accordingly, the context is a crucially important consideration (Cummings, Davies, & Campbell, 2000; Motti-Stefanidi, Asendorpf, & Masten, 2012; Sameroff, 2000).”

“Recent international research in the field of developmental psychopathology has shown that the key to a better understanding of children’s emotional-behavioral functioning is paying attention to the mutual influences between multiple levels of analysis [1,2].”

“However, for immigrant ‐ origin and refugee adolescents, peer acceptance also becomes an acculturation task (Motti ‐ Stefanidi & Masten, 2017).”

“Sameroff [7] conducted the first major longitudinal study of, among other things, environmental factors in the Rochester Longitudinal Study and found a high correlation between the mental health and intelligence of children at the ages of 4, 13 and 18 years and ten factors included in the study.”

“The cumulative risk hypothesis suggests that the accumulation of risk factors increases the probability of adverse health outcomes [41].”

“A developmental psychopathology perspective also highlights the role of risk and promotive factors that may relate to the developmental course of pathological outcomes that can emerge across childhood (Cicchetti, 2006; Sameroff, 2000).”

“More general theories of developmental psychopathology have also been used to account for a wide range of deviant outcomes (Cicchetti & Tucker 1994; Sameroff, 2000).”

“…behavior is the result of a continuous synergistic interplay between individuals and their social and physical environment (Bronfenbrenner, 1979; Cox, Mills-Koonce, Propper, & Gariépy, 2010; Dodge & Pettit, 2003; Masten & Cicchetti, 2010; Masten et al., 2005; Rutter & Sroufe, 2000; Sameroff, 2000).”

“Person–environment transactional models posit that dynamic person– environment processes affect the development of problems and competencies, which, in turn, influence the social environment and development of competencies and problems later in development (Sameroff, 2000).”

“, parents influence children just as vice versa) [4,5].”

“Since parent–child interactions are crucial for well-being (Bronfenbrenner, 1979; Sameroff, 2000), we focused here on the proximity between adolescents and parents, but this method can also be applied as a meaningful tool in other social domains (e.g., tracking the proximity of romantic partners,…”

“This theory adopts a holistic and integrative approach when it comes to the understanding of variations in human adaptation over the life course (Lerner et al., 2012; Overton, 2013; Sameroff, 2000).”

“This is unfortunate because we know little about possible reciprocal relations (Sameroff, 2000) between relationships with parents and romantic partners.”

“A developmental psychopathology approach to anxious–depressed symptoms emphasizes the dynamic, transactional process between one’s current circumstances and his/her history of adaptations (Bowlby, 1969/1982; Cicchetti, 1984, 1989; Hammen, 1992; Sameroff, 2000; Sroufe et al., 2005).”

“However, due to the dynamic nature of development and the plasticity of the developing brain, outcomes are also related to early experience and the care-giving environment (Davis, Sweeney, Turnage-Carrier, Graves, & Rector, 2004; Sameroff, 2000).”

“Their research and that of others illustrates how the transactional model originally proposed by Sameroff (1983, 1995, 2000) based on the early interactions of mother and child, can be applied to examine teacher development during training as well as practicing teachers.”

“…representational models while embracing simulation theory, embodied simulation theory, theory of mind, theory–theory, interactive theory, and systems theory (Ammaniti & Gallese, 2014; Bowlby, 1969; Carruthers, 2013; A.I. Goldman, 2006; Howe & Courage, 1997; Sameroff, 2000; Tronick & Beeghly, 2011).”

“It has been further suggested that adverse environmental and biological effects usually represent a chain of events, which influence the existing risks, and have direct or indirect effects on children’s growth and development [ 17 ].”

“Protection is further subclassified as protective when it improves outcomes in the context of a high probability of poor outcomes or promotive when it improves outcomes as all levels of probability of poor outcomes (Luthar, Sawyer, & Brown, 2006; Sameroff, 2000).”