Frightening maternal behavior linking unresolved loss and disorganized infant attachment.

Schuengel, Carlo; Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marian J.; Van IJzendoorn, Marinus H.

doi:10.1037/0022-006x.67.1.54

Cited by 420Attachment and Relationship DynamicsPsychoanalysis and Psychopathology ResearchMaternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum

Frightening maternal behavior linking unresolved loss and disorganized infant attachment.

Schuengel, Carlo, Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marian J., Van IJzendoorn, Marinus H.·1999·Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

DOI 10.1037/0022-006x.67.1.54

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Abstract

Main and Hesse's (1990) model in which frightening (threatening, frightened, or dissociated) parental behavior explains why infants Of parents with unresolved loss develop disorganized attachment relationships was tested. Unresolved loss using the Adult Attachment Interview in a nonclinical middle-class sample of 85 mothers who had experienced the loss of someone important was assessed. Disorganized attachment was examined in the Strange Situation. Parental behavior was recorded during 2 2-hr home visits. The model applied to mothers with currently insecure attachment representations. Secure mothers with unresolved loss displayed less frightening behavior than other mothers, and unresolved loss in secure mothers did not predict disorganized attachment of their infants. Frightening behavior predicted infant disorganized attachment irrespective of maternal security.

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Frightening or frightened parental behavior and atypical maternal behaviors such as hostility, intrusiveness, withdrawal, and role confusion are associated with disorganized attachment.
“Given that frightening parental behavior has been identified as a predictor of disorganized attachment (Schuengel et al, 1999), it seemed particularly important to help parents not engage in behavior that might be threatening.”
From Enhancing Attachment Organization Among Maltreated Children: Results of a Randomized Clinical Trial (2012) · cites this paper as Schuengel, Bakermans-Kranenburg, & van IJzendoorn, 1999
Frightening parental behavior is associated with disorganized attachment.
“with frightening parental behavior associated with disorganized attachment (Schuengel et al., 1999).”
From Enhancing Attachment Organization Among Maltreated Children: Results of a Randomized Clinical Trial (2012) · cites this paper as Schuengel et al., 1999
Frightening and anomalous maternal behavior confers profound risk to the parent-infant attachment relationship.
“Frightening and anomalous maternal behavior confers profound risk to the parent-infant attachment relationship (Schuengel et al., 1999).”
From Approaching the biology of human parental attachment: Brain imaging, oxytocin and coordinated assessments of mothers and fathers (2014) · cites this paper as Schuengel et al., 1999

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ABSTRACT
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Unresolved loss and infant disorganization: Links to frightening maternal behavior.
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Examining the role of parental frightened/frightening subtypes in predicting disorganized attachment within a brief observational procedure
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Authors: Schuengel, C., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & Van IJzendoorn, M. H.
ORCID: Schuengel, Carlo
Venue: Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1999
Volume: 67
Issue: 1
Pages: 54-63
ISSN: 0022-006X (ISSN-L)
1939-2117
DOI: 10.1037/0022-006x.67.1.54
OpenAlex: W4322703294
Cited by: 419
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 7 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 71 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 12
FWCI: 30.71
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology (publishedVersion)
VU Research Portal (publishedVersion)
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
Keywords: unresolved loss, disorganized attachment, maternal behavior, Adult Attachment Interview, Strange Situation, mothers, loss of a loved one, attachment security

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Frightening maternal behavior linking unresolved loss and disorganized infant attachment.

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