Susceptibility effects of GABA receptor subunit alpha-2 (GABRA2) variants and parental monitoring on externalizing behavior trajectories: Risk and protection conveyed by the minor allele
Open accessAbstract
Understanding factors increasing susceptibility to social contexts and predicting psychopathology can help identify targets for prevention. Persistently high externalizing behavior in adolescence is predictive of psychopathology in adulthood. Parental monitoring predicts low externalizing behavior, yet youth likely vary in the degree to which they are affected by parents. Genetic variants of GABA receptor subunit alpha-2 (GABRA2) may increase susceptibility to parental monitoring, thus impacting externalizing trajectories. We had several objectives: (a) to determine whether GABRA2 (rs279827, rs279826, rs279858) moderates the relationship between a component of parental monitoring, parental knowledge, and externalizing trajectories; (b) to test the form of this interaction to assess whether GABRA2 variants reflect risk (diathesis-stress) or susceptibility (differential susceptibility) factors; and (c) to clarify GABRA2 associations on the development of problem behavior. This prospective study (N = 504) identified three externalizing trajectory classes (i.e., low, decreasing, and high) across adolescence. A GABRA2 × Parental Monitoring effect on class membership was observed, such that A-carriers were largely unaffected by parental monitoring, whereas class membership for those with the GG genotype was affected by parental monitoring. Findings support differential susceptibility in GABRA2.
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There was a significant simple slope of parental monitoring for GG genotype (2.12, p < 0.05), NS for A-carriers (0.37, p = 0.22).
“Significant simple slope of parental monitoring for GG genotype (2.12, p < 0.05), NS for A-carriers (0.37, p = 0.22)”
From Genetics of child aggression, a systematic review (2024) · cites this paper as Trucco [163]
The Results section (‘Parental monitoring and GABRA2’) reports the GG simple slope as 2.12 (p < .05) and the A-carrier slope as nonsignificant (p = .22). It gives the A-carrier slope as −0.37, however, not the positive 0.37 stated in the claim. (LLM, conf=0.94)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredGenetic effects contribute to relative sensitivity of response to specific environments and shape the propensity to seek out certain environments over others.
“Genetic effects also play a role in determining the potency of these relationships; they contribute both to relative sensitivity of response to specific environments (Trucco et al., 2016) as well as by shaping the propensity to seek out certain environments over others (cf. Hur and Bouchard, 1995; Reiss et al., 2000).”
From Assessment of culture and environment in the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development Study: Rationale, description of measures, and early data (2018) · cites this paper as Trucco et al., 2016
There was a gene-environment interaction: GABRA2 x Parental Monitoring: GG genotype demonstrated heightened susceptibility to parental monitoring; A carriers unaffected.
“GxE: GABRA2 x Parental Monitoring: GG genotype demonstrate hightened susceptibility to parental monitoring; A carriers unaffected”
From Genetics of child aggression, a systematic review (2024) · cites this paper as Trucco [163]
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- Authors
- Trucco, E. M., Villafuerte, S., Heitzeg, M. M., Burmeister, M., & Zucker, R. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Corresponding author
- Trucco, Elisa M.
- Venue
- Development and Psychopathology
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2015-03-23
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 15-26
- ISSN
- 0954-5794 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-2198
- PMC
- PMC4580498
- OpenAlex
- W1972498990
- Cited by
- 29
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 7
- FWCI
- 7.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Development and Psychopathology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR000433)
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (R01AA012217, K08AA023290, R01AA007065, T32AA007477)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA027261)
- National Center for Research Resources (UL1RR024986)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Keywords
- GABRA2, parental supervision, externalizing problems, differential susceptibility, diathesis-stress model, gene-environment interaction, adolescent behavior problems, genetic risk, psychopathology risk
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Aggression, Alleles, Female, Genotype, Heterozygote, Humans, Juvenile Delinquency, Male, Parent-Child Relations, Parents, Prospective Studies, Receptors, GABA-A, Risk, Risk Factors, Parenting, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Gene-Environment Interaction, Protective Factors
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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