Cited by 107Sexual function and dysfunction studiesSexuality, Behavior, and TechnologyAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

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Sexual Dysfunction in Major Depression

Williams, Katherine, Reynolds, Margaret F.·2006·CNS Spectrums

DOI 10.1017/s1092852900026729

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Abstract

Little is known about the prevalence, typology, and natural course of non—drug-induced sexual dysfunction in patients with depression. Loss of libido has been reported in various studies to affect from 25% to 75% of patients with unipolar depression, and its prevalence appears to be correlated with the severity of depression. Disorders of arousal also appear to be relatively common in both men and women with major depression, of whom ~25% may experience problems with erection or lubrication. The scant available data regarding orgasmic difficulties in patients with depression who have not yet taken antidepressant medication suggest that they are more common than in the general population. The potential causes of sexual dysfunction in patients with depression are complex and little investigated, and future research must distinguish and explore the various biological, psychological, and psychosocial factors that are likely to be involved.

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“The prevalence of sexual dysfunction is greater in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) than in the general population,(1) with some reports estimating an incidence as high as 75%.(2) Treatment-induced phasespecific sexual dysfunction (sexual problems in $1 phase of the sexual response cycle, ie, desire, arou…”
Background
Risk assessment of the top 60 drugs for drug-related sexual dysfunction: a disproportion analysis from the Food and Drug Administration adverse event reporting system
Wu, L., Rao, M., Chen, Y., & Wang, H. (2025) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1093/jsxmed/qdaf227 · Cited by 3
Impact of sexual dysfunction on quality of life among anxiety disorder patients
Fons, C. E. (2008) · Cited by 3
Impact of minimally invasive mitral valve surgery on sexual dysfunction in male patients
Yan, L., Tang, M., Dai, X.-F., Chen, L., & Fang, G. (2022) · Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery · doi:10.1186/s13019-022-01814-w · Cited by 3
“The main clinical manifestations of such patients include decreased sexual desire, erectile dysfunction and reduced sexual activity [39, 40].”
Background
The clinical utility of newer antidepressant agents: Understanding the role in management of MDD
Waters, K. (2022) · Mental Health Clinician · doi:10.9740/mhc.2022.10.309 · Cited by 3
Psychosexual Dysfunctions in Male Patients With Diagnosis of Depression and/or Anxiety Disorders Attending Psychiatry Outpatient Clinic in Chhatrapati Shivaji Subharti Hospital, Meerut
Biswas, R. K., Choudhary, S., & Kumar, V. (2023) · Journal of Psychosexual Health · doi:10.1177/26318318231157242 · Cited by 3
Contemporary Vistas in Geriatric Sexuality
Mathur, S., Manohar, S., Chandran, S., Raman, R., Pereira, P., & Rao, T. S. (2019) · Journal of Psychosexual Health · doi:10.1177/2631831819862889 · Cited by 4
Efficacy and Safety of Toludesvenlafaxine Hydrochloride Sustained-Release Tablets on Somatic Symptoms of Major Depressive Disorder: A Prospective, Single-Arm, Multicenter Clinical Study
Wang, Y., He, M., Zhang, H., Luo, Y., Sun, X., Yao, Z., Tang, H., Yan, R., Du, X., Li, Z., et al. (2025) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s513481 · Cited by 2
Serotonergic activity estimated by EEG loudness-dependent auditory evoked potentials as a predictor of sexual SSRI side effects
Ketilsdottir, G. D., Ip, C.-T., Frøkjær, V. G., Giraldi, A. G. E., Jørgensen, M. B., & Jensen, K. H. R. (2025) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.11.002 · Cited by 2
Chronic Administration of Imipramine Normalizes Decreased Sexual Motivation and Increased Predisposition to Catalepsy Induced by Propylthiouracil in Rats
Tikhonova, M. A., Amstislavskaya, T. G., & Kulikov, V. A. (2009) · Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology · doi:10.1007/s11055-009-9134-6 · Cited by 2
“Depression is often associated with sexual dysfunctions [7, 28].”
Background
The Elephant in the Bedroom: Sexual Functioning in Military Populations
Wilcox, S. L., Schuyler, A. C., & Hassan, A. M. (2015) · 2015 APHA Annual Meeting & Expo (Oct. 31 - Nov. 4, 2015) · doi:10.13140/rg.2.1.4474.0648 · Cited by 2
Of Gods and Devils
Ellis, T. (2016) · Method & Theory in the Study of Religion · doi:10.1163/15700682-12341377 · Cited by 1
Sex and the Military: A model for provider education
Wilcox, S. L., Whitsett, D. P., & Finney, K. (2016) · Contemporary Behavioral Health Care · doi:10.15761/cbhc.1000114 · Cited by 1
“Moreover, whether or not a physical injury exists, female veterans with PTSD or depression have a much higher risk of sexual dysfunction, including reduced desire and difficulty experiencing orgasm, compared to those without PTSD [11,26-32].”
Background
Role of Medicinal Plants in Combating Anti-depressant Induced Male Infertility
Raval, M., Gori, P., Patel, S. G., & Vyas, N. Y. (2022) · Current Traditional Medicine · doi:10.2174/2215083808666220321144217 · Cited by 1
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Sharma, S. (2024) · International Journal of Sexual and Reproductive Health Care · doi:10.17352/ijsrhc.000042 · Cited by 1
“DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.17352/ijsrhc.000042 Studies have also shown that antidepressants can also cause sexual dysfunctions [7,9,10].”
Influential
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Krajewski, P. K., Złotowska, A., Szepietowski, J. C., & Saceda‐Corralo, D. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm14082602 · Cited by 2
“The prevalence of reduced libido, erectile issues, or vaginal dryness correlates with the severity of the psychiatric disorder [55].”
The Cortisol/DHEA Ratio and Sexual Function in Women with and without a History of Depression
Dundon, C. M. (2014) · ScholarWorks -A service of University of Vermont Libraries (University of Vermont) · Cited by 1
La lesión medular como factor de riesgo dedisfunción sexual en el varón
García-Moreno, A.-M. L. (2013) · doi:10.14201/gredos.122996 · Cited by 1
The endocannabinoid system and female sexual arousal
Klein, C. (2011) · cIRcle (University of British Columbia) · doi:10.14288/1.0103333 · Cited by 1
“As both depression and anxiety are known to affect sexual functioning (e.g., Bossini, Fagiolini, Valdagno, Polizzotto, & Castrogiovanni, 2007; Williams & Reynolds, 2006) and depression is also associated with reduced endocannabinoid levels (Hill & Gorzalka, 2009; Hill et al., 2008; 2009), the Beck…”
Background
Kirjallisuuskatsaus masentuneen aikuisen seksuaaliongelmista ja -ohjauksesta
Tiainen, T., & Valkonen, A. (2010) · Theseus (Ammattikorkeakoulujen)
World Psychiatryis indexed in PubMed, Current Contents/Clinical Medicine, Current Contents/Social and Behavioral Sciences, Science Citation Index, and EMBASE Âñåìèðíàÿ Ïñèõèàòðè÷åñêàÿ Àññîöèàöèÿ (ÂÏÀ)
Maj, M., Ïðåçèäåíò, È., Tasman, A., & Herrman, H. (2011)
Evidence Linking the Structure and Function of the Internal Pudendal Artery to Erectile Function: Impact of Aging, Hypertension, Antihypertensive Treatments and Lifestyle Modifications
Hannan, J. L. (2009) · QSpace (Queen's University Library)
Sex and Lifestyle
Gillman, M., & Egger, G. J. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-810401-9.00026-7
008 Examining Clinician Attitudes on Sexual Health Assessment after an Educational Intervention
Benyounes, J. (2019) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jsxm.2019.03.465
“…social abilities, improve the immune system, and decrease pain (Cardoso, Ellenbogen, Serravalle, & Linnen, 2013; Ellison, 2000; Grewen & 4 Light, 2011; Welch, Margolis, Li, & Gershon, 2014; Whipple, Knowles, Davis, Gianotten, & Owens, 2007; Whipple & Komisaruk, 1988; Williams & Reynolds, 2006).”
Sexuelle Gesundheit und Lebensstil
Gillman, M., Sagner, M., & Egger, G. J. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-3-437-23274-9.00026-5
Part II: Statistics in practice: Statistics overview
Rodriguez, R. W., & Touchette, D. R. (2020) · JACCP JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CLINICAL PHARMACY · doi:10.1002/jac5.1214
A study of the potential effect of Depression on Male Sexual Functioning
Kumar, V., & Shinde, B. B. (2020) · Indian Journal of Mental Health(IJMH) · doi:10.30877/ijmh.7.1.2020.59-65
Sexualität und Intimität bei depressiven Erkrankungen
Ebert, A. (2021) · Nervenheilkunde · doi:10.1055/a-1637-9009
P.0401 Self-reported sexual function in depressed patients and serotonin 4 receptor brain binding – a Positron Emission Tomography study
Rasmussen, A. L., Larsen, S. V., Stenbæk, D. S., Jørgensen, M. B., Giraldi, A. G. E., & Frøkjær, V. G. (2021) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.10.375
PREVALENCE OF SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION IN MALE PATIENTS WITH DEPRESSION: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
(2021) · International Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Allied Sciences · doi:10.31032/ijbpas/2021/10.1.1018
KAJIAN EFEK SAMPING ANTIDEPRESAN TERHADAP FUNGSI SEKSUAL
Manda, V., & Damayanti, A. (2023) · JOURNAL OF PHARMACY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY · doi:10.30649/pst.v3i2.49

Authors: Williams, K., & Reynolds, M. F.
Affiliations: Stanford Medicine (US)
Corresponding author: Williams, Katherine
ORCID: Williams, Katherine
Venue: CNS Spectrums
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Published: 2006
Volume: 11
Issue: S9
Pages: 19-23
ISSN: 1092-8529 (ISSN-L)
2165-6509
DOI: 10.1017/s1092852900026729
OpenAlex: W125145245
Cited by: 107
References: 47
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 2
FWCI: 0.97
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified, 3232 d)
Locations: CNS Spectrums (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Sexual function and dysfunction studies
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Sexuality, Behavior, and Technology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords: sexual dysfunction, major depressive disorder, low libido, arousal disorders, erectile dysfunction, dyspareunia, orgasmic dysfunction, depression severity, prevalence, psychosocial factors, biological factors
MeSH terms: Antidepressive Agents, Depressive Disorder, Major, Major Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Erectile Dysfunction, Male, Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological, Prevalence, Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological

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