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Cited by 79Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesMental Health Treatment and AccessPsychotherapy Techniques and Applications

Preliminary evaluation of culturally sensitive CBT for depression in Pakistan: findings from developing culturally-sensitive CBT Project (DCCP)

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Naeem, Farooq, Waheed, Waquas, Gobbi, Mary, Ayub, Muhammad, Kingdon, David·2011·Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy
DOI 10.1017/s1352465810000822
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: There is sufficient research evidence in favour of cognitive therapy in western world. However, only limited research has been carried out on its effectiveness in other countries. It is suggested that adaptations in content, format and delivery are needed before CBT can be employed in non-western cultures. We describe a preliminary evaluation of culturally adapted CBT for depression in Pakistan. AIMS: We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of this culturally adapted CBT using a therapist manual. METHOD: In a randomized controlled trial we compared combination of CBT and antidepressants with antidepressants alone (treatment as usual) in primary care. Referred patients with ICD-10 diagnosis of depression were invited to participate and randomized to the intervention and control groups. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Bradford Somatic Inventory (BSI) were used to measure changes in depression, anxiety and somatic symptoms. RESULTS: Seventeen patients each were randomized to each arms of the trial. Except for financial status there were no differences between the two groups on various demographic variables. Patients receiving CBT showed statistically significant improvement on measures of depression (p < .001), anxiety (p < .001) and somatic symptoms (p < .000) as compared to antidepressant alone group. 82% patients attended six or more sessions of therapy. CONCLUSIONS: A culturally sensitive manualized CBT was effective in reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety in Pakistan.

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  • Addressing the cultural context of psychological therapy is essential for an effective therapy.

    “addressing the cultural context of psychological therapy has been recognised as essential for an effective therapy[6], [7].”

    From Preliminary Study on the Effectiveness of Short Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (GCBT) on Indonesian Older Adults (2013) · cites this paper as [6]

    The Introduction says CBT needs modification before use in non-Western cultures, and the Discussion says culturally sensitive modifications improved compliance and symptom reduction in the Pakistan intervention. This supports the importance of cultural context for CBT in that setting, but not the broader claim that it is essential for every effective psychological therapy. (LLM, conf=0.83)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Investigation on GCBT outside western context has been relatively low.

    “This research is important because investigation on GCBT outside western context has been relatively low[6].”

    From Preliminary Study on the Effectiveness of Short Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (GCBT) on Indonesian Older Adults (2013) · cites this paper as [6]

    The Introduction (page unavailable) says most CBT evidence comes from Western research and that a literature search found only a few trials of CBT for depression in non-Western populations. It does not establish the same point specifically for group CBT (GCBT), which is narrower than the CBT discussed there. (LLM, conf=0.86)

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Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. Padesky, C. and Greenberger, D. (1995). Clinicians Guide to Mind over Mood. New York: The Guilford Press.

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Authors
Naeem, F., Waheed, W., Gobbi, M., Ayub, M., & Kingdon, D.
Affiliations
  • University of Southampton (GB)
  • Tees, Esk and Wear Valleys NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
Corresponding author
Naeem, Farooq
ORCID
Venue
Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy
Publisher
Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Published
2010-11-19
Volume
39
Issue
2
Pages
165-173
ISSN
  • 1352-4658 (ISSN-L)
  • 1469-1833
DOI
10.1017/s1352465810000822
OpenAlex
W2167609785
Cited by
79
References
21
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 4
FWCI
5.85
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified)
Locations
  • Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Durham Research Online (Durham University) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • Durham Research Online (Durham University) (acceptedVersion)
  • Durham Research Online (Durham University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
Keywords
depression, Pakistan, antidepressants, primary care, anxiety, somatic symptoms, therapist manual, treatment efficacy, cross-cultural adaptation
MeSH terms
Adult, Antidepressive Agents, Anxiety Disorders, Combined Modality Therapy, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Depressive Disorder, Developing Countries, Female, Humans, Male, Manuals as Topic, Pakistan, Personality Inventory, Pilot Projects, Primary Health Care, Somatoform Disorders, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Cultural Competency

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