Daily sodium consumption and CVD mortality in the general population: systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies

Poggio, Rosana; Gutierrez, Laura; Matta, María G; Elorriaga, Natalia; Irazola, Vilma; Rubinstein, Adolfo

doi:10.1017/s1368980014000949

Cited by 92Sodium Intake and HealthNutritional Studies and DietBlood Pressure and Hypertension Studies

Daily sodium consumption and CVD mortality in the general population: systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies

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Poggio, Rosana, Gutierrez, Laura, Matta, María G, Elorriaga, Natalia, Irazola, Vilma, Rubinstein, Adolfo·2015·Public Health Nutrition

DOI 10.1017/s1368980014000949PMC PMC10271831

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Abstract

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to determine whether elevated dietary Na intake could be associated with CVD mortality. Design: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies representing the general population. The adjusted relative risks and their 95 % confidence intervals were pooled by the inverse variance method using random-effects models. Heterogeneity, publication bias, subgroup and meta-regression analyses were performed. Settings: MEDLINE (since 1973), Embase (since 1975), the Cochrane Library (since 1976), ISI Web of Science, Google Scholar (until September 2013) and secondary referencing were searched for inclusion in the study. Subject: Eleven prospective studies with 229 785 participants and average follow-up period of 13·37 years (range 5·5–19 years). Results: Higher Na intake was significantly associated with higher CVD mortality (relative risk=1·12; 95 % CI 1·06, 1·19). In the sensitivity analysis, the exclusion of studies with important relative weights did not significantly affect the results (relative risk=1·08; 95 % CI 1·01, 1·15). The meta-regression analysis showed that for every increase of 10 mmol/d in Na intake, CVD mortality increased significantly by 1 % (P=0·016). Age, hypertensive status and length of follow-up were also associated with increased CVD mortality. Conclusions: Higher Na intake was associated with higher CVD mortality in the general population; this result suggests a reduction in Na intake to prevent CVD mortality from any cause.

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Authors: Poggio, R., Gutierrez, L., Matta, M. G., Elorriaga, N., Irazola, V., & Rubinstein, A.
Affiliations: Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria (AR)
Corresponding author: Poggio, Rosana
ORCID: Poggio, Rosana
Matta, María G
Elorriaga, Natalia
Irazola, Vilma
Rubinstein, Adolfo
Venue: Public Health Nutrition
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Published: 2014-05-22
Volume: 18
Issue: 4
Pages: 695-704
ISSN: 1368-9800 (ISSN-L)
1475-2727
DOI: 10.1017/s1368980014000949
PMC: PMC10271831
OpenAlex: W2133722050
Cited by: 92
References: 51
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1
FWCI: 0.83
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified)
Locations: Public Health Nutrition (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Sodium Intake and Health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
Keywords: sodium intake, cardiovascular mortality, salt intake, hypertension, sodium reduction, cardiovascular risk factors
MeSH terms: Cardiovascular Diseases, Humans, Prospective Studies, Sodium, Dietary

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Daily sodium consumption and CVD mortality in the general population: systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies

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