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A sense of self-perceived collective victimhood in intractable conflicts
Abstract
A sense of self-perceived collective victimhood emerges as a major theme in the ethos of conflict of societies involved in intractable conflict and is a fundamental part of the collective memory of the conflict. This sense is defined as a mindset shared by group members that results from a perceived intentional harm with severe consequences, inflicted on the collective by another group. This harm is viewed as undeserved, unjust and immoral, and one that the group could not prevent. The article analyses the nature of the self-perceived collective sense of victimhood in the conflict, its antecedents, the functions that it fulfils for the society and the consequences that result from this view.
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“The latter condition adds crucial aspects to the definition, by pointing out that the stance of victimhood can be also related to the victim’s personality and that mere experience of the harmful event is not enough for the emergence of sense of being a victim.114”
From Pain and Evil: From Local Nociception to Misery Following Social Harm (2020) · cites this paper as [114]
In the citing paper
“It seems that victimhood describes some psychological lasting states of mind involving beliefs, attitudes, emotions, and behavioral tendencies: this results, on the one hand, from direct or indirect experience of victimization and, on the other hand, from its maintenance in the personal repertoire.114”
From Pain and Evil: From Local Nociception to Misery Following Social Harm (2020) · cites this paper as [114]
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“It is important to note that differently from previous theorizing that emphasizes a strong relation between collective victimhood and ingroup identification (Andrighetto et al., 2012; Bar-Tal et al., 2009), in our study, we conceptualize ingroup identification as a factor that may intensify the emotional effects of th…”
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“This perception of past persecution and grief is linked to the creation of a shared sense of collective victimhood (Bar-Tal et al., 2009).”
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“Such collectives are prone to view themselves as victims also in new situations, in which the collective victimhood serves as a cognitive frame for interpretation (Bar-Tal et al. 2009, 236–238).”
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“…characterized their ingroup as an innocent target of the civil war, which is a common characterization of the ingroup after experiencing collective victimization (e.g., Bar-Tal et al., 2009), many participants also described their ingroup’s transformation towards violence and resistance.”
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“Bar-Tal et al. have described how collective nar - ratives of victimhood and enmity can become entrenched in societies affected by prolonged conflict, contributing to ongoing psychological distress and hindering reconciliation efforts [34].”
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“Collective victimhood is the belief shared by group members that the group suffered harm inflicted by an outgroup, which was undeserved and unjust, and the group was not able to prevent it (Bar-Tal et al., 2009).”
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“Narratives around victimhood portray the in-group as the often-exclusive victim of conflict, thus providing it with moral high ground, a justification for the use of violence, and the legitimacy to seek justice, retribution and external support (Bar-Tal et al., 2009; Vollhardt, 2020).”
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Bar-Tal, D., Chernyak-Hai, L., Schori, N., & Gundar, A.
- Venue
- International Review of the Red Cross
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2009-06
- Volume
- 91
- Issue
- 874
- Pages
- 229-258
- ISSN
- 0020-8604 (ISSN-L)
- 1816-3831
- 1607-5889
- OpenAlex
- W2063245982
- Cited by
- 573
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 39 · 2025: 37 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 69 · 2021: 73 · 2020: 103 · 2019: 47 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 23.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Review of the Red Cross (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History › Memory, violence, and history
- Social Sciences › Cultural Studies › Memory, History, Trauma, Identity
- Keywords
- collective victimhood, intractable conflict, collective memory, group identity
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