Effective Top-Down LC/MS+ Method for Assessing Actin Isoforms as a Potential Cardiac Disease Marker
Open accessAbstract
Actin is the major component of the cytoskeleton, playing an essential role in the structure and motility of both muscle and nonmuscle cells. It is highly conserved and encoded by a multigene family. α-Cardiac actin (αCAA) and α-skeletal actin (αSKA), encoded by two different genes, are the primary actin isoforms expressed in striated muscles. The relative expression levels of αSKA and αCAA have been shown to vary between species and under pathological conditions. In particular, an increased αSKA expression is believed to be a programmed response of a diseased heart. Therefore, it is essential to quantify the relative expression of αSKA and αCAA, which remains challenging due to the high degree of sequence similarity between these isoforms (98.9%). Herein, we developed a top-down liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based ("LC/MS+") method for the rapid purification and comprehensive analysis of α-actin extracted from muscle tissues. We thoroughly investigated all of the actin isoforms in healthy human cardiac and skeletal muscles. We found that αSKA is the only isoform expressed in skeletal muscle, whereas αCAA and αSKA are coexpressed in cardiac muscle. We then applied our method to quantify the α-actin isoforms in human healthy hearts and failing hearts with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). We found that αSKA is augmented in DCM compared with healthy controls, 43.1 ± 0.9% versus 23.7 ± 1.7%, respectively. As demonstrated, top-down LC/MS+ provides an effective and comprehensive method for the purification, quantification, and characterization of α-actin isoforms, enabling assessment of their clinical potential as cardiac disease markers.
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In the heart, protein isoform switching and PTMs regulate cardiac contraction and relaxation and contribute to heart failure progression.
“For example, in the heart, protein isoform switching [141], and PTMs are known to regulate cardiac contraction and relaxation, as well as play a role in the progression of heart failure [61,142,143].”
From Top-down proteomics: challenges, innovations, and applications in basic and clinical research (2020) · cites this paper as [141]
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- Authors
- Chen, Y.-C., Ayaz-Guner, S., Peng, Y., Lane, N. M., Locher, M. R., Kohmoto, T., Larsson, L., Moss, R. L., & Ge, Y.
- Affiliations
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Ge, Ying
- Venue
- Analytical Chemistry
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2015-07-31
- Volume
- 87
- Issue
- 16
- Pages
- 8399-8406
- ISSN
- 0003-2700 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-6882
- PMC
- PMC4965275
- OpenAlex
- W2417588736
- Cited by
- 31
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 1.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Analytical Chemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01 HL096971, R01 HL109810)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Spectroscopy › Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Spectroscopy › Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiomyopathy and Myosin Studies
- Keywords
- actin isoforms, alpha-cardiac actin, alpha-skeletal actin, top-down mass spectrometry, dilated cardiomyopathy, cardiac biomarkers, myocardium, skeletal muscle, actin purification
- MeSH terms
- Actins, Chromatography, Liquid, Heart Diseases, Humans, Myocardium, Reference Standards, Mass Spectrometry, Time Factors, Biomarkers, Protein Isoforms
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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