The DOI matches its Crossref record; 12 of the 12 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Magnetically Driven Micro and Nanorobots
Open accessAbstract
Manipulation and navigation of micro and nanoswimmers in different fluid environments can be achieved by chemicals, external fields, or even motile cells. Many researchers have selected magnetic fields as the active external actuation source based on the advantageous features of this actuation strategy such as remote and spatiotemporal control, fuel-free, high degree of reconfigurability, programmability, recyclability, and versatility. This review introduces fundamental concepts and advantages of magnetic micro/nanorobots (termed here as "MagRobots") as well as basic knowledge of magnetic fields and magnetic materials, setups for magnetic manipulation, magnetic field configurations, and symmetry-breaking strategies for effective movement. These concepts are discussed to describe the interactions between micro/nanorobots and magnetic fields. Actuation mechanisms of flagella-inspired MagRobots (i.e., corkscrew-like motion and traveling-wave locomotion/ciliary stroke motion) and surface walkers (i.e., surface-assisted motion), applications of magnetic fields in other propulsion approaches, and magnetic stimulation of micro/nanorobots beyond motion are provided followed by fabrication techniques for (quasi-)spherical, helical, flexible, wire-like, and biohybrid MagRobots. Applications of MagRobots in targeted drug/gene delivery, cell manipulation, minimally invasive surgery, biopsy, biofilm disruption/eradication, imaging-guided delivery/therapy/surgery, pollution removal for environmental remediation, and (bio)sensing are also reviewed. Finally, current challenges and future perspectives for the development of magnetically powered miniaturized motors are discussed.
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Citations
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Cited by
Peng, Q., Wang, S., Han, J., Huang, C., Yu, H., Li, D., Qiu, M., Cheng, S., Wu, C., Cai, M., et al. (2024) · Research · doi:10.34133/research.0339 · Cited by 89
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Enzyme-Powered Hollow Nanorobots for Active Microsampling Enabled by Thermoresponsive Polymer Gating
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Yoo, J., Chung, G., & Park, Y. (2025) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202419504 · Cited by 13
Metadata
- Authors
- Zhou, H., Mayorga-Martinez, C. C., Pané, S., Zhang, L., & Pumera, M.
- Venue
- Chemical Reviews
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2021-03-31
- Volume
- 121
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 4999-5041
- ISSN
- 0009-2665 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-6890
- OpenAlex
- W3144873095
- Cited by
- 889
- References
- 12
- FWCI
- 4.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
