Sulfur Transformation Characteristics and Mechanisms during Hydrogen Production by Coal Gasification in Supercritical Water
Abstract
Coal supercritical water gasification (SCWG) is famous for generating clean gas without SO x pollutant. Study of sulfur transformation characteristics can provide the basis of sulfur removal during hydrogen production by coal gasification in supercritical water (SCW) at the source. In this work, two coals produced from Linfen and Zhangjiamao in China (hereinafter to be referred as L-coal and Z-coal), were chosen as experimental feedstocks to investigate sulfur transformation characteristics during hydrogen production by coal gasification in SCW (550–750 °C, 20 min, 25 MPa). Sulfur transformation pathway and sulfur forms in the products were complex but detected comprehensively. H 2 S was the only gaseous product instead of SO x, whereas SO 4 2– was the main liquid–sulfur product. Inorganic and organic sulfur compounds were used to investigate sulfur transformation mechanisms. H 2 S had three sources as follows. First, among inorganic sulfur of raw coal, FeS 2 (Pyrite) was chemically stable in SCW lacking of hydrogen. When FeS 2 was in hydrogen atmosphere, H 2 S was generated and FeS 2 was converted to Fe 1– x S and Fe 3 O 4 under SCW. Second, H 2 S came from unstable sulfate minerals such as FeSO 4 which may decompose and be converted to Fe 3 O 4 . Third, organic sulfur, especially thiophene sulfur transformed to H 2 S. The two sulfur products H 2 S and SO 4 2– depend on H or OH free radical in SCW. More H free radical provided a reducing environment of SCW to generate H 2 S…
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SCWG of black liquor produces a lot of reductive gases, such as H2 and CH4, which could transform sulfate into sulfide without generating SOx.
“The reported studies showed that the SCWG of black liquor produces a lot of reductive gases, such as H2 and CH4 [29], which could transform sulfate into sulfide without generating SOx [30,31].”
From Sulfur transformation mechanism during supercritical water gasification of black liquor (2023) · cites this paper as [30]
Liu et al. also obtained the same result that H2S was the only detected gaseous sulfur compound in the SCWG of lignite.
“Chen et al. [39] pointed out that H2S was the only detected gaseous sulfur compound in the SCWG of lignite, and Liu et al. [30] also obtained the same result.”
From Sulfur transformation mechanism during supercritical water gasification of black liquor (2023) · cites this paper as [30]
The sulfur transformation pathway and mechanism of crude oil, coal, and sludge in SCWG have been studied by analyzing the sulfur forms in solid, liquid and gaseous products.
“The sulfur transformation pathway and mechanism of crude oil [32], coal [30,33], and sludge [34,35] in SCWG have been studied by analyzing the sulfur forms in solid, liquid and gaseous products.”
From Sulfur transformation mechanism during supercritical water gasification of black liquor (2023) · cites this paper as [30]
There were differences existing in the sulfurous gases production during SCWG process.
“Finally, there were differences existing in the sulfurous gases production during SCWG process.”
From Sulfur transformation mechanism during supercritical water gasification of black liquor (2023) · cites this paper as [30]
S1 was easier to decompose, starting to decompose at 300 °C, and the S-H and C-S bonds of S1 are unstable.
“It was reported that S1 was easier to decompose, which started to decompose at 300 ◦C and the S–H and C–S bonds of S1 are unstable [30].”
From Sulfur transformation mechanism during supercritical water gasification of black liquor (2023) · cites this paper as [30]
SO2 was not detected in gaseous products.
“SO2 were not detected in gaseous products, which was consistent with the works of researchers [30,33,34].”
From Sulfur transformation mechanism during supercritical water gasification of black liquor (2023) · cites this paper as [30]
The decomposition rate of S2 was relatively lower than that of S1 and S3.
“Still, the proportion of S2 showed an increasing tend with the increase in temperature, because the decomposition rate of S2 was relatively lower than that of S1 and S3.”
From Sulfur transformation mechanism during supercritical water gasification of black liquor (2023) · cites this paper as [30]
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Self-citationLu, L., Zhang, W., Wei, W., Liu, S., Peng, Z., Jin, H., Chen, Y., & Guo, L. (2026) · Fuel · doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2026.141249
Self-citation
- Authors
- Liu, S., Li, L., Guo, L., Jin, H., Kou, J., & Li, G.
- Affiliations
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Guo, Liejin
- Venue
- Energy & Fuels
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2017-11-01
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 12046-12053
- ISSN
- 0887-0624 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5029
- OpenAlex
- W2765882094
- Cited by
- 56
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 1.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Energy & Fuels (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China (2016YFB0600100)
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (51323011, 51527808)
- Shaanxi Province (2015TZC-G-1-10)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Process Chemistry and Technology › Subcritical and Supercritical Water Processes
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Fuel Technology › Mining and Gasification Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Catalysis › Catalysis and Hydrodesulfurization Studies
- Keywords
- supercritical water gasification, coal gasification, hydrogen production, sulfur transformation, hydrogen sulfide, sulfate formation, pyrite, iron sulfide, thiophene sulfur, organosulfur compounds, inorganic sulfur, free radicals, SOx emission reduction
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