Sorption of Fluorotelomer Sulfonates, Fluorotelomer Sulfonamido Betaines, and a Fluorotelomer Sulfonamido Amine in National Foam Aqueous Film-Forming Foam to Soil
Abstract
During fire-fighter training, equipment testing, and emergency responses with aqueous film-forming foams (AFFFs), milligrams per liter concentrations of anionic, zwitterionic, and cationic per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) enter the environment. Because the behavior of zwitterionic and cationic PFASs in the subsurface is unknown, batch sorption experiments were conducted using National Foam AFFF, which contains anionic fluorotelomer sulfonates (FtSs), zwitterionic fluorotelomer sulfonamido betaines (FtSaBs), and cationic 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonamido amine (FtSaAm). Sorption of the FtSs, FtSaBs, and 6:2 FtSaAm to six soils with varying organic carbon, effective cation-exchange capacity, and anion-exchange capacity was evaluated to determine sorption mechanisms. Due to the poor recovery of the FtSaBs and 6:2 FtSaAm with published PFAS soil extraction methods, a new soil extraction method was developed to achieve good (90-100%) recoveries. The 6:2 FtSaAm was depleted from the aqueous phase in all but one soil, which is attributed to electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. Sorption of the FtSs was driven by hydrophobic interactions, while the FtSaBs behave more like cations that strongly associate with the solid phase relative to groundwater. Thus, the sorption mechanisms of the FtSs, FtSaBs, and 6:2 FtSaAm are more complex than expected and cannot be predicted by bulk soil properties.
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OM content of soil is recognized as a significant parameter controlling the adsorption of LC-PFASs, but it is not always the only indicator of PFAS sorption to soil/sediments.
“While the OM content of soil is recognized as a significant parameter controlling the adsorption of LC-PFASs, it is not always the only indicator of PFAS sorption to soil/sediments.39,43,70”
From Occurrence, Concentration, and Distribution of 35 PFASs and Their Precursors Retained in 20 Stormwater Biofilters (2024) · cites this paper as [43]
Limited studies have examined the transport of cationic and zwitterionic PFAS, and none of these studies considered particle-mediated transport.
“However, limited studies have examined the transport of cationic and zwitterionic PFAS (Barzen--Hanson et al., 2017;Mejia-Avendano et al., 2020;Nickerson et al., 2021;Xiao et al., 2019), and none of these studies considered particle-mediated transport.”
From Perfluoroalkyl acids on suspended particles: Significant transport pathways in surface runoff, surface waters, and subsurface soils (2021) · cites this paper as Barzen--Hanson et al., 2017
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- Authors
- Barzen-Hanson, K. A., Davis, S. E., Kleber, M., & Field, J. A.
- Affiliations
- Oregon State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Field, Jennifer A.
- Venue
- Environmental Science & Technology
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2017-10-16
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 21
- Pages
- 12394-12404
- ISSN
- 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5851
- OpenAlex
- W2760136917
- Cited by
- 158
- References
- 10
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 11
- FWCI
- 6.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Environmental Science & Technology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Division of Graduate Education (DGE-1314109)
- U.S. Department of Defense (ER-2128)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Environmental Chemistry and Analysis
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Pesticide and Herbicide Environmental Studies
- Keywords
- fluorotelomer sulfonates, aqueous film-forming foam, soil extraction methods, hydrophobic interactions, electrostatic interactions, soil organic carbon, cation exchange capacity, anion exchange capacity
- MeSH terms
- Amines, Betaine, Fluorocarbons, Soil, Water Pollutants, Chemical
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