Persistence of Perfluoroalkyl Acid Precursors in AFFF-Impacted Groundwater and Soil

Houtz, Erika F.; Higgins, Christopher P.; Field, Jennifer A.; Sedlak, David L.

doi:10.1021/es4018877

Cited by 849Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances researchSynthesis and properties of polymersFluorine in Organic Chemistry

Persistence of Perfluoroalkyl Acid Precursors in AFFF-Impacted Groundwater and Soil

Houtz, Erika F., Higgins, Christopher P., Field, Jennifer A., Sedlak, David L.·2013·Environmental Science & Technology

DOI 10.1021/es4018877

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Several classes of polyfluorinated chemicals that are potential precursors to the perfluorinated carboxylates and sulfonates are present in aqueous film-forming foams (AFFF). To assess the persistence of these AFFF-derived precursors, groundwater, soil, and aquifer solids were obtained in 2011 from an unlined firefighter training area at a U.S. Air Force Base where AFFF was regularly used between 1970 and 1990. To measure the total concentration of perfluorinated carboxylate and sulfonate precursors in archived AFFF formulations and AFFF-impacted environmental samples, a previously developed assay that uses hydroxyl radical to oxidize precursors to perfluorinated carboxylates was adapted for these media. This assay was employed along with direct measurement of 22 precursors found in AFFF and a suite of other poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). On a molar basis, precursors accounted for 41-100% of the total concentration of PFASs in archived AFFF formulations. In the training area, precursors measured by the oxidation assay accounted for an average of 23% and 28% of total PFASs (i.e., precursors and perfluorinated carboxylates and sulfonates) in groundwater and solids samples, respectively. One precursor in AFFF, perfluorohexane sulfonamide amine, was observed on several highly contaminated soil and aquifer solids samples, but no other precursors present in AFFF formulations were detected in any samples at this field site. Suspected intermediate transformation products of precursors in AFFF that were directly measured accounted for approximately half of the total precursor concentration in samples from the training site. The fraction of PFASs consisting of perfluorinated carboxylates and sulfonates was greater in groundwater and solid samples than in any archived AFFF formulations, suggesting that much of the mass of precursors released at the site was converted to perfluorinated carboxylates and sulfonates. The precursors that have persisted at this site may generate significant amounts of additional perfluorinated carboxylates and sulfonates upon remediation of contaminated groundwater or aquifer solids.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1021/es4018877

Cites

32 of 32 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Percent mass increases of 6:2 FTS occurred between sites 4-5, 5-6, and 9-10, all downstream of STP or military base inputs.
“Percent mass increases of 6:2 FTS occurred between sites 4-5, 5-6, and 9-10, all downstream of STP or military base inputs, both of which are recognized potential sources of 6:2 FTS. 32,40”
From Using a Time-of-Travel Sampling Approach to Quantify Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Stream Loading and Source Inputs in a Mixed-Source, Urban Catchment (2024) · cites this paper as [32]
Other studies have shown decreases in 6:2 FTS mass in sediment and water from chemical oxidation or biotransformation of 6:2 FTS into terminal PFAS under certain environmental conditions.
“Other studies have shown decreases in 6:2 FTS mass in sediment and water from chemical oxidation or biotransformation of 6:2 FTS into terminal PFAS under certain environmental conditions (presence of ultraviolet light, hydrogen peroxide concentration, and dissolved oxygen concentration).32,41,42”
From Using a Time-of-Travel Sampling Approach to Quantify Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Stream Loading and Source Inputs in a Mixed-Source, Urban Catchment (2024) · cites this paper as [32]
Most PFAS identified in this study were also reported by Houtz et al. (2013), Barzen-Hanson et al. (2017), and McDonough et al. (2020) for the same or similar AFFF commercial products.
“Most PFAS identified in this study were also reported by Houtz et al. (2013) [49], Barzen-Hanson et al. (2017) [2], and McDonough et al. (2020) [29] for the same or similar AFFF commercial products.”
From In-Vitro and In-Silico Assessment of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Aqueous Film-Forming Foam (AFFF) Binding to Human Serum Albumin (2021) · cites this paper as [49]
Many replacement PFAS degrade in the environment to legacy per- and polyfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), so PFCAs are still found in AFFF-impacted sites.
“Many replacement PFAS degrade in the environment to the legacy per-and polyfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), so although PFCAs had been phased out from AFFF formulations, they are still found in AFFF-impacted sites”
From Release of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from a waste management facility fire to an urban creek (2022) · cites this paper as Houtz et al., 2013
Much of the PFAS at AFFF-contaminated sites consists of precursors that can transform into terminal compounds of known health concern but are omitted from standard analytical methods.
“Much of the PFAS at these sites consist of precursors that can transform into terminal compounds of known health concern but are omitted from standard analytical methods.”
From Centurial Persistence of Forever Chemicals at Military Fire Training Sites (2023) · cites this paper as [5]

3M AFFF manufactured prior to 2001 contained hundreds of precursors that accounted for >50% of the total PFAS.
“For example, AFFF manufactured by 3M prior to 2001 (3M AFFF) contained hundreds of precursors that accounted for >50% of the total PFAS.5−7”
From Centurial Persistence of Forever Chemicals at Military Fire Training Sites (2023) · cites this paper as [5]
Prior field studies and theoretical models suggest that retention of PFAS in the vadose zone due to partitioning at the air-water interface and biotransformation of precursors may sustain long-term downstream contamination of the more mobile perfluoroalkyl sulfonates and perfluoroalkyl carboxylates.
“These studies suggest that retention of PFAS in the vadose zone due to partitioning at the air–water interface and biotransformation of precursors may sustain long-term downstream contamination of the more mobile perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (PFSA) and PFCA.”
From Centurial Persistence of Forever Chemicals at Military Fire Training Sites (2023) · cites this paper as [5]
PFOA is present in 3M AFFF but is not a major biotransformation endpoint for sulfonamido precursors.
“The other major terminal PFAS in groundwater was PFOA (C7 PFCA; 17 ± 8% of total PFAS), which is present in 3M AFFF but is not a major biotransformation endpoint for sulfonamido precursors.5,6,24”
From Centurial Persistence of Forever Chemicals at Military Fire Training Sites (2023) · cites this paper as [5]
These first estimates of bulk precursor physicochemical properties enable a quantitative assessment of the impact of precursor biotransformation on groundwater PFAS concentrations, which previous site assessments were only able to do qualitatively.
“These first estimates of bulk precursor physicochemical properties enable a quantitative assessment of the impact of precursor biotransformation on groundwater PFAS concentrations, which previous site assessments were only able to do qualitatively.5,12,13”
From Centurial Persistence of Forever Chemicals at Military Fire Training Sites (2023) · cites this paper as [5]
For C4 compounds, the ratio of precursors to terminal PFSA was 4.9 ± 1.6 in groundwater compared to 11 ± 4.7 in 3M AFFF.
“For the C4 and C6 compounds, the ratios of precursors to their terminal PFSA were 4.9 ± 1.6 in groundwater compared to 11 ± 4.7 in 3M AFFF (C4 compounds), and 0.7 ± 0.4 in groundwater compared to 6.7 ± 1.4 in 3M AFFF (C6 compounds).5,11”
From Centurial Persistence of Forever Chemicals at Military Fire Training Sites (2023) · cites this paper as [5]
Precursors in AFFF and at 3M AFFF-contaminated sites occur in mixtures of tens/hundreds of unique compounds that share the same perfluorinated structure.
“Precursors in AFFF and at 3M AFFF-contaminated sites occur in mixtures of tens/hundreds of unique compounds that share the same perfluorinated structure.5”
From Centurial Persistence of Forever Chemicals at Military Fire Training Sites (2023) · cites this paper as [5]
For C6 compounds, the ratio of precursors to terminal PFSA was 0.7 ± 0.4 in groundwater compared to 6.7 ± 1.4 in 3M AFFF.
“For the C4 and C6 compounds, the ratios of precursors to their terminal PFSA were 4.9 ± 1.6 in groundwater compared to 11 ± 4.7 in 3M AFFF (C4 compounds), and 0.7 ± 0.4 in groundwater compared to 6.7 ± 1.4 in 3M AFFF (C6 compounds).5,11”
From Centurial Persistence of Forever Chemicals at Military Fire Training Sites (2023) · cites this paper as [5]
PFOS is absent from contemporary foams and its production was phased out by 3M around 2002, indicating residual contamination is a legacy problem.
“PFOS is absent from contemporary foams and its production was phased out by 3M (the main global manufacturer) around 2002, indicating residual contamination is a legacy problem.5,6,8”
From Centurial Persistence of Forever Chemicals at Military Fire Training Sites (2023) · cites this paper as [5]
Using data from two AFFF-impacted sites for the six UCMR3 PFASs, the median percentage of PFSAs in the sum of 6 UCMR3 PFASs was 82-96% in groundwater.
“Using data from two of these sites for the six UCMR3 PFASs (i.e. eliminating other PFASs measured at these sites for which data are not available in UCMR3), the median percentage of PFSAs in the sum of 6 UCMR3 PFASs was 82-96% in groundwater (Houtz et al. 2013; Hull et al. 2017).”
From Evaluation of a national data set for insights into sources, composition, and concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in U.S. drinking water (2018) · cites this paper as Houtz et al. 2013
There is growing recognition that unidentified PFAS precursors in contaminated groundwater can undergo transformation to form PFOS and PFOA.
“While little toxicological information is available for other PFASs, there is growing recognition that unidentified PFAS precursors in contaminated groundwater can undergo transformation to form PFOS and PFOA (Houtz et al., 2013).”
From Septic systems as sources of organic wastewater compounds in domestic drinking water wells in a shallow sand and gravel aquifer (2016) · cites this paper as Houtz et al., 2013

Perfluoroalkyl Acids: A Review of Monitoring and Toxicological Findings
Lau, C., Anitole, K., Hodes, C., Lai, D., Pfahles-Hutchens, A., & Seed, J. (2007) · Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfm128 · Cited by 2,620 · see citing works
Sources, fate and transport of perfluorocarboxylates
Prevedouros, K., Cousins, I. T., Buck, R. C., & Korzeniowski, S. H. (2006) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es0512475 · Cited by 2,594 · see citing works
A first global production, emission, and environmental inventory for perfluorooctane sulfonate
Paul, A. G., Jones, K. C., & Sweetman, A. J. (2009) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es802216n · Cited by 1,096 · see citing works
Monitoring of Perfluorinated Compounds in Aquatic Biota: An Updated Review: PFCs in Aquatic Biota
Houde, M., De Silva, A. O., Muir, D. C. G., & Letcher, R. J. (2011) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es104326w · Cited by 847 · see citing works
Perfluorinated Surfactants and the Environmental Implications of Their Use in Fire-Fighting Foams
Moody, C. A., & Field, J. A. (2000) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es991359u · Cited by 707 · see citing works
Self-citation
Oxidative Conversion as a Means of Detecting Precursors to Perfluoroalkyl Acids in Urban Runoff
Houtz, E. F., & Sedlak, D. L. (2012) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es302274g · Cited by 681 · see citing works
Self-citation
Perfluorinated Chemicals and Fetal Growth: A Study within the Danish National Birth Cohort
Fei, C., McLaughlin, J. K., Tarone, R. E., & Olsen, J. (2007) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.10506 · Cited by 628 · see citing works
Zwitterionic, Cationic, and Anionic Fluorinated Chemicals in Aqueous Film Forming Foam Formulations and Groundwater from U.S. Military Bases by Nonaqueous Large-Volume Injection HPLC-MS/MS
Backe, W. J., Day, T. C., & Field, J. A. (2013) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es3034999 · Cited by 611 · see citing works
Self-citation
Quantitative Determination of Perfluorochemicals in Sediments and Domestic Sludge
Higgins, C. P., Field, J. A., Criddle, C. S., & Luthy, R. G. (2005) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es048245p · Cited by 590 · see citing works
Self-citation
Monitoring Perfluorinated Surfactants in Biota and Surface Water Samples Following an Accidental Release of Fire-Fighting Foam into Etobicoke Creek
Moody, C. A., Martin, J. W., Kwan, W. C., Muir, D. C. G., & Mabury, S. A. (2001) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es011001+ · Cited by 554 · see citing works
Fluorotelomer alcohol biodegradation yields poly-and perfluorinated acids
Dinglasan, M. J. A., Ye, Y., Edwards, E. A., & Mabury, S. A. (2004) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es0350177 · Cited by 554 · see citing works
Identification of Novel Fluorochemicals in Aqueous Film-Forming Foams Used by the US Military
Place, B. J., & Field, J. A. (2012) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es301465n · Cited by 543 · see citing works
Self-citation
Exposure to Polyfluoroalkyl Chemicals and Cholesterol, Body Weight, and Insulin Resistance in the General U.S. Population
Nelson, J. W., Hatch, E. E., & Webster, T. F. (2010) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.0901165 · Cited by 538 · see citing works
Occurrence and persistence of perfluorooctanesulfonate and other perfluorinated surfactants in groundwater at a fire-training area at Wurtsmith Air Force Base, Michigan, USAElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Map of location of Wurtsmith Air Force Base, Oscoda, MI and surrounding states. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/em/b2/b212497a/
Moody, C. A., Hebert, G. N., Strauss, S. H., & Field, J. A. (2003) · Journal of Environmental Monitoring · doi:10.1039/b212497a · Cited by 388 · see citing works
Self-citation
Quantitative determination of fluorotelomer sulfonates in groundwater by LC MS/MS
Schultz, M. M., Barofsky, D. F., & Field, J. A. (2004) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es035031j · Cited by 373 · see citing works
Self-citation
6:2 Fluorotelomer sulfonate aerobic biotransformation in activated sludge of waste water treatment plants
Wang, N., Liu, J., Buck, R. C., Korzeniowski, S. H., Wolstenholme, B. W., Folsom, P. W., & Sulecki, L. M. (2011) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.11.003 · Cited by 333 · see citing works
Aerobic Biotransformation and Fate of N-Ethyl Perfluorooctane Sulfonamidoethanol (N-EtFOSE) in Activated Sludge
Rhoads, K. R., Janssen, E. M.-L., Luthy, R. G., & Criddle, C. S. (2008) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es702866c · Cited by 325 · see citing works
8-2 Fluorotelomer alcohol aerobic soil biodegradation: Pathways, metabolites, and metabolite yields
Wang, N., Szostek, B., Buck, R. C., Folsom, P. W., Sulecki, L. M., & Gannon, J. T. (2009) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.01.033 · Cited by 312 · see citing works
Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
Whitacre, D. M. (2009) · Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1157-5 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Thirty years of medical surveillance in perfluooctanoic acid production workers
Costa, G., Sartori, S., & Consonni, D. (2009) · Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0b013e3181965d80 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Cross-Sectional Study of Lipids and Liver Enzymes Related to a Serum Biomarker of Exposure (ammonium perfluorooctanoate or APFO) as Part of a General Health Survey in a Cohort of Occupationally Exposed Workers
Sakr, C. J., Kreckmann, K. H., Green, J. W., Gillies, P. J., Reynolds, J. L., & Leonard, R. C. (2007) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0b013e318156eca3 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Longitudinal Study of Serum Lipids and Liver Enzymes in Workers With Occupational Exposure to Ammonium Perfluorooctanoate
Sakr, C. J., Leonard, R. C., Kreckmann, K. H., Slade, M. D., & Cullen, M. R. (2007) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0b013e318124a93f · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Environmental levels and distribution of structural isomers of perfluoroalkyl acids after aqueous fire-fighting foam (AFFF) contamination
Kärrman, A., Elgh-Dalgren, K., Lafossas, C., & Møskeland, T. (2011) · Environmental Chemistry · doi:10.1071/en10145 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Isomer Profiling of Perfluorinated Substances as a Tool for Source Tracking: A Review of Early Findings and Future Applications
Benskin, J. P., Silva, A. O. D., & Martin, J. W. (2010) · Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-6880-7_2 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Indirect Photolysis of Perfluorochemicals: Hydroxyl Radical-Initiated Oxidation of N-Ethyl Perfluorooctane Sulfonamido Acetate (N-EtFOSAA) and Other Perfluoroalkanesulfonamides
Plumlee, M. H., McNeill, K., & Reinhard, M. (2009) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es803411w · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Long-Term Environmental Fate of Perfluorinated Compounds after Accidental Release at Toronto Airport
Awad, E., Zhang, X., Bhavsar, S. P., Petro, S., Crozier, P. W., Reiner, E. J., Fletcher, R., Tittlemier, S. A., & Braekevelt, E. (2011) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es2001985 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
The structure of the fire fighting foam surfactant Forafac®1157 and its biological and photolytic transformation products
Moe, M. K., Huber, S., Svenson, J., Hagenaars, A., Pabon, M., Trümper, M., Berger, U., Knapen, D., & Herzke, D. (2012) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.05.012 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
A Pilot Survey of Legacy and Current Commercial Fluorinated Chemicals in Human Sera from United States Donors in 2009
Lee, H., & Mabury, S. A. (2011) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es200167q · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Modeling Sorption of Anionic Surfactants onto Sediment Materials: An a priori Approach for Perfluoroalkyl Surfactants and Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonates
Higgins, C. P., & Luthy, R. G. (2007) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es062449j · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Self-citation
Perfluorinated compounds in the vicinity of a fire training area – Human biomonitoring among 10 persons drinking water from contaminated private wells in Cologne, Germany
Weiß, O., Wiesmüller, G. A., Bunte, A., Göen, T., Schmidt, C. K., Wilhelm, M., & Hölzer, J. (2011) · International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health · doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2011.08.016 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Aerobic Soil Biodegradation of 8:2 Fluorotelomer Stearate Monoester
Dasu, K., Liu, J., & Lee, L. (2012) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es203978g · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Biomonitoring of perfluorochemicals and toxicity to the downstream fish community of Etobicoke Creek following deployment of aqueous film-forming foam
Oakes, K. D., Benskin, J. P., Martin, J. W., Ings, J. S., Heinrichs, J. Y., Dixon, D. G., & Servos, M. R. (2010) · Aquatic Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2010.02.005 · Cited by 76 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

Sorted by citations

Detection of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in U.S. Drinking Water Linked to Industrial Sites, Military Fire Training Areas, and Wastewater Treatment Plants
Hu, X. C., Andrews, D. Q., Lindstrom, A. B., Bruton, T. A., Schaider, L. A., Grandjean, P., Lohmann, R., Carignan, C. C., Blum, A., Balan, S. A., et al. (2016) · Environmental Science & Technology Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.estlett.6b00260 · Cited by 1,333 · see citing works
Self-citation
Discovery of 40 Classes of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Historical Aqueous Film-Forming Foams (AFFFs) and AFFF-Impacted Groundwater
Barzen-Hanson, K. A., Roberts, S. C., Choyke, S., Oetjen, K., McAlees, A., Riddell, N., McCrindle, R., Ferguson, P. L., Higgins, C. P., & Field, J. A. (2017) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.6b05843 · Cited by 873 · see citing works
Self-citation
PFAS Exposure Pathways for Humans and Wildlife: A Synthesis of Current Knowledge and Key Gaps in Understanding
De Silva, A. O., Armitage, J. M., Bruton, T. A., Dassuncao, C., Heiger-Bernays, W., Hu, X. C., Kärrman, A., Kelly, B., Ng, C., Robuck, A., et al. (2020) · Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry · doi:10.1002/etc.4935 · Cited by 835 · see citing works
PFAS concentrations in soils: Background levels versus contaminated sites
Brusseau, M. L., Anderson, R. H., & Guo, B. (2020) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140017 · Cited by 817 · see citing works
Destruction of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) with advanced reduction processes (ARPs): A critical review
Cui, J., Gao, P., & Deng, Y. (2020) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.9b05565 · Cited by 742 · see citing works
Short-Chain per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Aquatic Systems: Occurrence, Impacts and Treatment
Li, F., Duan, J., Tian, S., Ji, H., Zhu, Y., Wei, Z., & Zhao, D. (2020) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2019.122506 · Cited by 707 · see citing works
Worldwide Distribution of Novel Perfluoroether Carboxylic and Sulfonic Acids in Surface Water
Pan, Y., Zhang, H., Cui, Q., Sheng, N., Yeung, L. W. Y., Sun, Y., Guo, Y., & Dai, J. (2018) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.8b00829 · Cited by 679 · see citing works
PFAS Molecules: A Major Concern for the Human Health and the Environment
Panieri, E., Baralic, K., Djukic-Cosic, D., Buha Djordjevic, A., & Saso, L. (2022) · Toxics · doi:10.3390/toxics10020044 · Cited by 651 · see citing works
Emerging poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances in the aquatic environment: A review of current literature
Xiao, F. (2017) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2017.07.024 · Cited by 634 · see citing works
A review of emerging technologies for remediation of PFASs
Ross, I., McDonough, J., Miles, J., Storch, P., Thelakkat Kochunarayanan, P., Kalve, E., Hurst, J., S. Dasgupta, S., & Burdick, J. (2018) · Remediation Journal · doi:10.1002/rem.21553 · Cited by 606 · see citing works
Novel treatment technologies for PFAS compounds: A critical review
Kucharzyk, K. H., Darlington, R., Benotti, M., Deeb, R., & Hawley, E. (2017) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.08.016 · Cited by 562 · see citing works
Influences of Chemical Properties, Soil Properties, and Solution pH on Soil–Water Partitioning Coefficients of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs)
Nguyen, T. M. H., Bräunig, J., Thompson, K., Thompson, J., Kabiri, S., Navarro, D. A., Kookana, R. S., Grimison, C., Barnes, C. M., Higgins, C. P., et al. (2020) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.0c05705 · Cited by 523 · see citing works
Self-citation
Occurrence of select perfluoroalkyl substances at U.S. Air Force aqueous film-forming foam release sites other than fire-training areas: Field-validation of critical fate and transport properties
Anderson, R. H., Long, G. C., Porter, R. C., & Anderson, J. K. (2016) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.01.014 · Cited by 394 · see citing works
Sorption of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) Relevant to Aqueous Film-Forming Foam (AFFF)-Impacted Groundwater by Biochars and Activated Carbon
Xiao, X., Ulrich, B. A., Chen, B., & Higgins, C. P. (2017) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.7b00970 · Cited by 391 · see citing works
Self-citation
A review of recent studies on toxicity, sequestration, and degradation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)
Dickman, R. A., & Aga, D. S. (2022) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129120 · Cited by 375 · see citing works
Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances in wastewater: significance of unknown precursors, manufacturing shifts, and likely AFFF impacts
Houtz, E. F., Sutton, R., Park, J.-S., & Sedlak, M. (2016) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2016.02.055 · Cited by 374 · see citing works
Self-citation
Remediation of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) contaminated soils – To mobilize or to immobilize or to degrade?
Bolan, N., Sarkar, B., Yan, Y., Li, Q., Wijesekara, H., Kannan, K., Tsang, D. C. W., Schauerte, M., Bosch, J., Noll, H., et al. (2021) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123892 · Cited by 375 · see citing works
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) in soils and groundwater of a U.S. metropolitan area: Migration and implications for human exposure
Xiao, F., Simcik, M. F., Halbach, T. R., & Gulliver, J. S. (2015) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2014.09.052 · Cited by 359 · see citing works
Degradation and Removal Methods for Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Water
Merino, N., Qu, Y., Deeb, R. A., Hawley, E. L., Hoffmann, M. R., & Mahendra, S. (2016) · Environmental Engineering Science · doi:10.1089/ees.2016.0233 · Cited by 349 · see citing works
High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) methods for nontarget discovery and characterization of poly- and per-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in environmental and human samples
Liu, Y., D'Agostino, L. A., Qu, G., Jiang, G., & Martin, J. W. (2019) · TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.trac.2019.02.021 · Cited by 344 · see citing works
Emerging technologies for PFOS/PFOA degradation and removal: A review
Leung, S. C. E., Shukla, P. R., Chen, D., Eftekhari, E., An, H., Zare, F., Ghasemi, N., Zhang, D., Nguyen, N., & Li, Q. (2022) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153669 · Cited by 338 · see citing works
Recent advances in the analysis of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)—A review
Amin, M. A., Sobhani, Z., Liu, Y., Dharmarajan, R., Chadalavada, S., Naidu, R., Chalker, J. M., & Fang, C. (2020) · Environmental Technology & Innovation · doi:10.1016/j.eti.2020.100879 · Cited by 331 · see citing works
The concept of essential use for determining when uses of PFASs can be phased out
(2019) · doi:10.1039/c9em00163h · Cited by 313 · see citing works
Assessing the potential contributions of additional retention processes to PFAS retardation in the subsurface
Brusseau, M. L. (2018) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.065 · Cited by 306 · see citing works
Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in surface water and sediments from two urban watersheds in Nevada, USA
Bai, X., & Son, Y. (2021) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141622 · Cited by 307 · see citing works
Occurrence and ecological potential of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in groundwater and reservoirs in the vicinity of municipal landfills in China
Peng, X., Ou, W., Wang, C., Wang, Z., Huang, Q., Jin, J., & Tan, J. (2014) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.05.068 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
Aerobic Biotransformation of Fluorotelomer Thioether Amido Sulfonate (Lodyne) in AFFF-Amended Microcosms
Harding-Marjanovic, K. C., Houtz, E. F., Yi, S., Field, J. A., Sedlak, D. L., & Alvarez-Cohen, L. (2015) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.5b01219 · Cited by 295 · see citing works
Self-citation
Contamination of groundwater with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from legacy landfills in an urban re-development precinct
Hepburn, E., Madden, C., Szabo, D., Coggan, T. L., Clarke, B., & Currell, M. (2019) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2019.02.018 · Cited by 289 · see citing works
Sorption of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) to an organic soil horizon - effect of cation composition and pH
Campos Pereira, H., Ullberg, M., Kleja, D. B., Gustafsson, J. P., & Ahrens, L. (2018) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.012 · Cited by 289 · see citing works
Recently Detected Drinking Water Contaminants: GenX and Other Per‐ and Polyfluoroalkyl Ether Acids
Hopkins, Z. R., Sun, M., DeWitt, J. C., & Knappe, D. R. U. (2018) · Journal AWWA · doi:10.1002/awwa.1073 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
Historical usage of aqueous film forming foam: A case study of the widespread distribution of perfluoroalkyl acids from a military airport to groundwater, lakes, soils and fish
Filipovic, M., Woldegiorgis, A., Norström, K., Bibi, M., Lindberg, M., & Österås, A.-H. (2015) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.09.005 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Plasma-Based Water Treatment: Efficient Transformation of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Prepared Solutions and Contaminated Groundwater
Stratton, G. R., Dai, F., Bellona, C. L., Holsen, T. M., Dickenson, E., & Thagard, S. M. (2017) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.6b04215 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Health-related toxicity of emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances: Comparison to legacy PFOS and PFOA
Espartero, L. J. L., Yamada, M., Ford, J., Owens, G., Prow, T. W., & Juhasz, A. L. (2022) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2022.113431 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Biotransformation of perfluoroalkyl acid precursors from various environmental systems: advances and perspectives
Zhang, W., Pang, S., Lin, Z., Mishra, S., Bhatt, P., & Chen, S. (2021) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115908 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
Evidence of Remediation-Induced Alteration of Subsurface Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substance Distribution at a Former Firefighter Training Area
McGuire, M. E., Schaefer, C., Richards, T., Backe, W. J., Field, J. A., Houtz, E., Sedlak, D. L., Guelfo, J. L., Wunsch, A., & Higgins, C. P. (2014) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es5006187 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
Self-citation
Per‐ and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Subsurface Environments: Occurrence, Fate, Transport, and Research Prospect
Wang, D., Xiao, F., Xiao, F., Chen, J., Park, C. M., Park, C. M., Flury, M., & Flury, M. (2022) · Reviews of Geophysics · doi:10.1029/2021rg000765 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in United States tapwater: Comparison of underserved private-well and public-supply exposures and associated health implications
Smalling, K. L., Romanok, K. M., Bradley, P. M., Morriss, M. C., Gray, J. L., Kanagy, L. K., Gordon, S. E., Williams, B. M., Breitmeyer, S. E., Jones, D. K., et al. (2023) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2023.108033 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Critical review of thermal decomposition of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances: mechanisms and implications for thermal treatment processes
Wang, J., Lin, Z., He, X., Song, M., Westerhoff, P., Doudrick, K., & Hanigan, D. (2022) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.2c02251 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Extending the knowledge about PFAS bioaccumulation factors for agricultural plants – A review
Lesmeister, L., Lange, F. T., Breuer, J., Biegel-Engler, A., Giese, E., & Scheurer, M. (2021) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142640 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Distribution and effects of branched versus linear isomers of PFOA, PFOS, and PFHxS: A review of recent literature
Schulz, K., Silva, M. R., & Klaper, R. (2020) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139186 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
A Review of Contamination of Surface-, Ground-, and Drinking Water in Sweden by Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs)
Banzhaf, S., Filipovic, M., Lewis, J., Sparrenbom, C. J., & Barthel, R. (2017) · Ambio · doi:10.1007/s13280-016-0848-8 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Leaching and transport of PFAS from aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) in the unsaturated soil at a firefighting training facility under cold climatic conditions
Høisæter, Å., Pfaff, A., & Breedveld, G. D. (2019) · Journal of Contaminant Hydrology · doi:10.1016/j.jconhyd.2019.02.010 · Cited by 243 · see citing works
Electrochemical treatment of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) in groundwater impacted by aqueous film forming foams (AFFFs)
Schaefer, C. E., Andaya, C., Urtiaga, A. M., McKenzie, E. R., & Higgins, C. P. (2015) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.04.024 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Self-citation
Bioavailability, phytotoxicity and plant uptake of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS): A review
Adu, O., Ma, X., & Sharma, V. K. (2023) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130805 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Spatial Trends of Anionic, Zwitterionic, and Cationic PFASs at an AFFF-Impacted Site
Nickerson, A., Rodowa, A. E., Adamson, D. T., Field, J. A., Kulkarni, P. R., Kornuc, J. J., & Higgins, C. P. (2021) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.0c04473 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Self-citation
Geochemical and hydrologic factors controlling subsurface transport of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances, Cape Cod, Massachusetts
Weber, A. K., Barber, L. B., LeBlanc, D. R., Sunderland, E. M., & Vecitis, C. D. (2017) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.6b05573 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
A Review of PFAS Destruction Technologies
Meegoda, J. N., de Souza, B. B., Casarini, M. M., & Kewalramani, J. A. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192416397 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
A Mathematical Model for the Release, Transport, and Retention of Per‐ and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in the Vadose Zone
Guo, B., Zeng, J., & Brusseau, M. L. (2020) · Water Resources Research · doi:10.1029/2019wr026667 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Human biomonitoring of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in German blood plasma samples from 1982 to 2019
Göckener, B., Weber, T., Rüdel, H., Bücking, M., & Kolossa-Gehring, M. (2020) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2020.106123 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Evaluation of a national data set for insights into sources, composition, and concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in U.S. drinking water
Guelfo, J. L., & Adamson, D. T. (2018) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2018.01.066 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
“Additionally, PFAS use has changed over time (Houtz et al. 2013; Wang et al. 2013).”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Evidence of Air Dispersion: HFPO–DA and PFOA in Ohio and West Virginia Surface Water and Soil near a Fluoropolymer Production Facility
Galloway, J. E., Moreno, A. V. P., Lindstrom, A. B., Strynar, M. J., Newton, S., May, A. A., & Weavers, L. K. (2020) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.9b07384 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Thermal Regeneration of Spent Granular Activated Carbon Presents an Opportunity to Break the Forever PFAS Cycle
Baghirzade, B. S., Zhang, Y., Reuther, J. F., Saleh, N. B., Venkatesan, A. K., & Apul, O. G. (2021) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.0c08224 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Elevated levels of PFOS and PFHxS in firefighters exposed to aqueous film forming foam (AFFF)
Rotander, A., Toms, L.-M. L., Aylward, L. L., Kay, M. P., & Mueller, J. F. (2015) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2015.05.005 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Enhanced Extraction of AFFF-Associated PFASs from Source Zone Soils
Nickerson, A., Maizel, A. C., Kulkarni, P. R., Adamson, D. T., Kornuc, J. J., & Higgins, C. P. (2020) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.0c00792 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Self-citation
Global occurrence and probabilistic environmental health hazard assessment of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in groundwater and surface waters
Sims, J. L., Stroski, K. M., Kim, S., Killeen, G., Ehalt, R., Simcik, M. F., & Brooks, B. W. (2022) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151535 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in firefighting foam concentrates and water samples collected near sites impacted by the use of these foams
Dauchy, X., Boiteux, V., Bach, C., Rosin, C., & Munoz, J.-F. (2017) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.056 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Fate of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Ether Acids in the Total Oxidizable Precursor Assay and Implications for the Analysis of Impacted Water
Zhang, C., Hopkins, Z. R., McCord, J., Strynar, M. J., & Knappe, D. R. U. (2019) · Environmental Science & Technology Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.estlett.9b00525 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Certain Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances Associated with Aqueous Film Forming Foam Are Widespread in Canadian Surface Waters
D’Agostino, L. A., & Mabury, S. A. (2017) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.7b03994 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Fate and redistribution of perfluoroalkyl acids through AFFF-impacted groundwater
Bräunig, J., Baduel, C., Heffernan, A., Rotander, A., Donaldson, E., & Mueller, J. F. (2017) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.095 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Sorption of perfluorooctanoic acid, perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluoroheptanoic acid on granular activated carbon.
Zhang, D., Luo, Q., Gao, B., Chiang, S., Woodward, D., & Huang, Q.-G. (2016) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.10.124 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Hydrothermal Alkaline Treatment for Destruction of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Aqueous Film-Forming Foam
Hao, S., Choi, Y. J., Wu, B., Higgins, C. P., Deeb, R. A., & Strathmann, T. J. (2021) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.0c06906 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Self-citation
Sorbent amendment as a remediation strategy to reduce PFAS mobility and leaching in a contaminated sandy soil from a Norwegian firefighting training facility
Hale, S. E., Arp, H. P. H., Slinde, G. A., Wade, E. J., Bjørseth, K., Breedveld, G. D., Fredrik, S. B., Moe, K. G., Jartun, M., & Høisæter, Å. (2016) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.12.057 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Discovery of novel per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) at a fire fighting training ground and preliminary investigation of their fate and mobility
Baduel, C., Mueller, J. F., Rotander, A., Corfield, J., & Gomez-Ramos, M.-J. (2017) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.06.096 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Deep seepage of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances through the soil of a firefighter training site and subsequent groundwater contamination
Dauchy, X., Boiteux, V., Colin, A., Hémard, J., Bach, C., Rosin, C., & Munoz, J.-F. (2019) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.003 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Zwitterionic, cationic, and anionic perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances integrated into total oxidizable precursor assay of contaminated groundwater
Martin, D., Munoz, G., Mejia-Avendaño, S., Duy, S. V., Yao, Y., Volchek, K., Brown, C. E., Liu, J., & Sauvé, S. (2019) · Talanta · doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2018.11.093 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance (PFAS) Transport from Groundwater to Streams near a PFAS Manufacturing Facility in North Carolina, USA
Pétré, M.-A., Genereux, D. P., Koropeckyj-Cox, L., Knappe, D. R. U., Duboscq, S., Gilmore, T. E., & Hopkins, Z. R. (2021) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.0c07978 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Rapid Destruction and Defluorination of Perfluorooctanesulfonate by Alkaline Hydrothermal Reaction
Wu, B., Hao, S., Choi, Y. J., Higgins, C. P., Deeb, R. A., & Strathmann, T. J. (2019) · Environmental Science & Technology Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.estlett.9b00506 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Self-citation
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in precipitation from mainland China: Contributions of unknown precursors and short-chain (C2 C3) perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids
Chen, H., Zhang, L., Li, M., Yao, Y., Zhao, Z., Munoz, G., & Sun, H. (2019) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2019.01.019 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Exposure pathways and bioaccumulation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in freshwater aquatic ecosystems: key considerations
Lewis, A. J., Yun, X., Spooner, D. E., Kurz, M. J., McKenzie, E. R., & Sales, C. M. (2022) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153561 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Photocatalytic removal of perfluoroalkyl substances from water and wastewater: Mechanism, kinetics and controlling factors
Xu, B., Ahmed, M. B., Zhou, J. L., Altaee, A., Wu, M., & Xu, G. (2017) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.09.110 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Sorption of Polyfluoroalkyl Surfactants on Surface Soils: Effect of Molecular Structures, Soil Properties, and Solution Chemistry
Mejia-Avendaño, S., Zhi, Y., Yan, B., & Liu, J. (2020) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.9b04989 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Treatment of Aqueous Film-Forming Foam by Heat-Activated Persulfate Under Conditions Representative of In Situ Chemical Oxidation
Bruton, T. A., & Sedlak, D. L. (2017) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.7b03969 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Self-citation
Distribution, source identification and health risk assessment of PFASs and two PFOS alternatives in groundwater from non-industrial areas
Wei, C., Wang, Q., Song, X., Chen, X., Fan, R., Ding, D., & Liu, Y. (2018) · Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety · doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.01.039 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Target and Nontarget Analysis of Per- and Polyfluoralkyl Substances in Wastewater from Electronics Fabrication Facilities
Jacob, P., Barzen-Hanson, K. A., & Helbling, D. E. (2021) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.0c06690 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Septic systems as sources of organic wastewater compounds in domestic drinking water wells in a shallow sand and gravel aquifer
Schaider, L. A., Ackerman, J. M., & Rudel, R. A. (2016) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.081 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Closing the Mass Balance on Fluorine on Papers and Textiles
Robel, A. E., Marshall, K., Dickinson, M., Lunderberg, D., Butt, C., Peaslee, G., Stapleton, H. M., & Field, J. A. (2017) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.7b02080 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Self-citation
Fate and transport of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the vadose zone
Sharifan, H., Bagheri, M., Wang, D., Burken, J. G., Higgins, C. P., Liang, Y., Liu, J., Schaefer, C. E., & Blotevogel, J. (2021) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145427 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Self-citation
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in soil and sediments: Occurrence, fate, remediation and future outlook
Ahmed, M. B., Johir, M. A. H., McLaughlan, R., Nguyen, L. N., Xu, B., & Nghiem, L. D. (2020) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141251 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Concentration profiles of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in major sources to the environment
Dasu, K., Xia, X., Siriwardena, D., Klupinski, T. P., & Seay, B. (2022) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113879 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Efficient electrochemical degradation of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) from the effluents of an industrial wastewater treatment plant
Gómez-Ruiz, B., Gómez-Lavín, S., Diban, N., Boiteux, V., Colin, A., Dauchy, X., & Urtiaga, A. M. (2017) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2017.04.040 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Remediation of PFAS-Contaminated Soil and Granular Activated Carbon by Smoldering Combustion
Duchesne, A. L., Brown, J. K., Patch, D. J., Major, D., Weber, K. P., & Gerhard, J. I. (2020) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.0c03058 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Occurrence and Distribution of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Tianjin, China: The Contribution of Emerging and Unknown Analogues
Chen, H., Munoz, G., Duy, S. V., Zhang, L., Yao, Y., Zhao, Z., Yi, L., Liu, M., Sun, H., Liu, J., et al. (2020) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.0c00934 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Global distributions, source-type dependencies, and concentration ranges of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in groundwater
Johnson, G. R., Brusseau, M. L., Carroll, K. C., Tick, G. R., & Duncan, C. M. (2022) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156602 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Novel Fluorinated Surfactants Tentatively Identified in Firefighters Using Liquid Chromatography Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Tandem Mass Spectrometry and a Case-Control Approach
Rotander, A., Kärrman, A., Toms, L.-M. L., Kay, M., Mueller, J. F., & Gómez Ramos, M. J. (2015) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es503653n · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Contaminated Soil and Groundwater at Airports: A Canadian Case Study
Liu, M., Munoz, G., Duy, S. V., Sauvé, S., & Liu, J. (2021) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.1c04798 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Advanced treatment technologies efficacies and mechanism of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances removal from water
Ahmed, M. B., Alam, M. M., Zhou, J. L., Xu, B., Johir, M. A. H., Karmakar, A. K., Rahman, M. S., Hossen, J., Hasan, A. T. M. K., & Moni, M. A. (2020) · Process Safety and Environmental Protection · doi:10.1016/j.psep.2020.01.005 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Generation of Perfluoroalkyl Acids from Aerobic Biotransformation of Quaternary Ammonium Polyfluoroalkyl Surfactants
Mejia-Avendaño, S., Vo Duy, S., Sauvé, S., & Liu, J. (2016) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.6b00140 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Destruction of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in Aqueous Film-Forming Foam (AFFF) with UV-Sulfite Photoreductive Treatment
Tenorio, R., Liu, J., Xiao, X., Maizel, A. C., Higgins, C. P., Schaefer, C. E., & Strathmann, T. J. (2020) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.0c00961 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Self-citation
Lithium-ion battery components are at the nexus of sustainable energy and environmental release of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances
Guelfo, J. L., Ferguson, P. L., Beck, J., Chernick, M., Doria-Manzur, A., Faught, P. W., Flug, T., Gray, E. P., Jayasundara, N., Knappe, D. R. U., et al. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-49753-5 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) cycling within Michigan: contaminated sites, landfills and wastewater treatment plants
Helmer, R. W., Reeves, D. M., & Cassidy, D. P. (2022) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2021.117983 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Discovery and Implications of C2 and C3 Perfluoroalkyl Sulfonates in Aqueous Film-Forming Foams and Groundwater
Barzen-Hanson, K. A., & Field, J. A. (2015) · Environmental Science & Technology Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.estlett.5b00049 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Self-citation
Sorption of Fluorotelomer Sulfonates, Fluorotelomer Sulfonamido Betaines, and a Fluorotelomer Sulfonamido Amine in National Foam Aqueous Film-Forming Foam to Soil
Barzen-Hanson, K. A., Davis, S. E., Kleber, M., & Field, J. A. (2017) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.7b03452 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Self-citation
Occurrence and source apportionment of novel and legacy poly/perfluoroalkyl substances in Hai River basin in China using receptor models and isomeric fingerprints
Li, Y., Feng, X., Zhou, J., & Zhu, L. Y. (2019) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2019.115145 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Another Pathway for Firefighter Exposure to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances: Firefighter Textiles
Peaslee, G. F., Wilkinson, J. T., McGuinness, S. R., Tighe, M., Caterisano, N., Lee, S., Gonzales, A., Roddy, M., Mills, S., & Mitchell, K. (2020) · Environmental Science & Technology Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.estlett.0c00410 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Unsaturated PFOS and Other PFASs in Human Serum and Drinking Water from an AFFF-Impacted Community
McDonough, C. A., Choyke, S. J., Barton, K. E., Mass, S., Starling, A. P., Adgate, J. L., & Higgins, C. P. (2021) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.1c00522 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Self-citation
Deep urban groundwater vulnerability in India revealed through the use of emerging organic contaminants and residence time tracers
Lapworth, D. J., Das, P., Shaw, A., Mukherjee, A., Civil, W., Petersen, J. O., Gooddy, D. C., Wakefield, O. J. W., Finlayson, A. G., Krishan, G., et al. (2018) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2018.04.053 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Occurrence, fate, sources and toxicity of PFAS: What we know so far in Florida and major gaps
Cui, D., Li, X., & Quinete, N. (2020) · TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.trac.2020.115976 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Aerobic biodegradation of 2 fluorotelomer sulfonamide–based aqueous film–forming foam components produces perfluoroalkyl carboxylates
D’Agostino, L. A., & Mabury, S. A. (2017) · Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry · doi:10.1002/etc.3750 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Waste type, incineration, and aeration are associated with per- and polyfluoroalkyl levels in landfill leachates
Solo-Gabriele, H. M., Jones, A. S., Lindstrom, A. B., & Lang, J. R. (2020) · Waste Management · doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2020.03.034 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Treatment of perfluoroalkyl acids by heat-activated persulfate under conditions representative of in situ chemical oxidation
Bruton, T. A., & Sedlak, D. L. (2018) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.04.128 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Self-citation

A review of the occurrence and microbial transformation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF)-impacted environments
Yan, P.-F., Dong, S., Pennell, K. D., & Cápiro, N. L. (2024) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171883 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Characterization of the Fate and Biotransformation of Fluorochemicals in AFFF-Contaminated Groundwater at Fire/Crash Testing Military Sites
Field, J. A., Sedlak, D. L., & Alvarez‐Cohen, L. (2017) · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citation
Reconstructing the Composition of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Contemporary Aqueous Film-Forming Foams
Ruyle, B. J., Thackray, C. P., McCord, J. P., Strynar, M. J., Mauge-Lewis, K. A., Fenton, S. E., & Sunderland, E. M. (2021) · Environmental Science & Technology Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.estlett.0c00798 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Oxidative Measurement of Perfluoroalkyl Acid Precursors: Implications for Urban Runoff Management and Remediation of AFFF-Contaminated Groundwater and Soil
Houtz, E. F. (2013) · eScholarship (California Digital Library) · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citation
Fate and Transformation of 15 Classes of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Aqueous Film-Forming Foam (AFFF)-Amended Soil Microcosms
Dong, S., Yan, P.-F., Manz, K. E., Abriola, L. M., Pennell, K. D., & Cápiro, N. L. (2024) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.4c08665 · Cited by 31 · see citing works

Authors: Houtz, E. F., Higgins, C. P., Field, J. A., & Sedlak, D. L.
Affiliations: University of California, Berkeley (US)
Colorado School of Mines (US)
Oregon State University (US)
Corresponding author: Sedlak, David L.
ORCID: Houtz, Erika F.
Higgins, Christopher P.
Field, Jennifer A.
Sedlak, David L.
Venue: Environmental Science & Technology
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Published: 2013-08-06
Volume: 47
Issue: 15
Pages: 8187-8195
ISSN: 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
1520-5851
DOI: 10.1021/es4018877
OpenAlex: W2069217149
Cited by: 849
References: 32
Citations by year: 2026: 88 · 2025: 101 · 2024: 83 · 2023: 97 · 2022: 108 · 2021: 104 · 2020: 86 · 2019: 41 · 2018: 42 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 3
FWCI: 16.49
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Environmental Science & Technology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Air Force Civil Engineer Center
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Synthesis and properties of polymers
Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Fluorine in Organic Chemistry
Keywords: aqueous film-forming foam, perfluorinated carboxylic acids, perfluorinated sulfonates, groundwater contamination, soil contamination, aquifer solids
MeSH terms: Fluorocarbons, Soil Pollutants, Water Pollutants, Chemical

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Persistence of Perfluoroalkyl Acid Precursors in AFFF-Impacted Groundwater and Soil

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks