Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in surface sediments: Occurrence, patterns, spatial distribution and contribution of unattributed precursors in French aquatic environments
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While perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids (PFSAs) and perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) are ubiquitous in aquatic environments, non-targeted methods have recently revealed the presence of numerous unidentified per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Besides those methods, the total oxidizable precursor (TOP) assay has proved useful to estimate the contribution of unattributed perfluoroalkyl acids precursors (pre-PFAAs). In this study, an optimized extraction method was developed to examine the spatial distribution of 36 targeted PFAS in surface sediments collected at French nationwide scale (n = 43), including neutral, anionic and zwitterionic molecules. In addition, a TOP assay procedure was implemented to estimate the contribution of unattributed pre-PFAAs in these samples. Conversion yields of targeted pre-PFAAs were determined for the first time under realistic conditions and led to differences in oxidation profiles compared to the common spiked ultra-pure water method. PFAS were detected in 86 % of samples and ∑PFAS targeted was in the range < Limit of Detection - 23 ng g-1 dry weight (dw) (median: 1.3 ng g-1 dw), with ∑pre-PFAAs targeted representing on average 29 ± 26 % of ∑PFAS. Among pre-PFAAs, compounds of emerging interest such as the fluorotelomer sulfonamidoalkyl betaines 6:2 FTAB and 8:2 FTAB were respectively detected in 38 % and 24 % of samples, with levels similar to those of L-PFOS (<0.36-2.2, <0.50-6.8 and < 0.08-5.1 ng g-1 dw, respectively). A hierarchical cluster analysis coupled with a geographic information system-based approach revealed similarities between groups of sampling sites. For instance, elevated contribution of FTABs were associated with the proximity to airport activities where betaine-based aqueous film-forming foam (AFFFs) might have been used. In addition, unattributed pre-PFAAs were strongly correlated with ∑PFAS targeted and they accounted for 58 % of ∑PFAS (median value); they were generally found in larger quantity near industrial and urban areas where the highest ∑PFAS targeted were also observed.
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OM had a weak or nonsignificant correlation with MeFOSAA and PFCA precursors.
“A weak or nonsignificant correlation of OM was observed, for instance, for MeFOSAA and PFCA precursors, which is supported by findings from previous studies.89”
From Occurrence, Concentration, and Distribution of 35 PFASs and Their Precursors Retained in 20 Stormwater Biofilters (2024) · cites this paper as [89]
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Zhang, K.-F., Qadeer, A., Anis, M., Liu, F., Yuan, H., Tu, X., Fu, Q., Zhang, F., Ajmal, Z., Yu, Y.-L., et al. (2026) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.143857 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Patel, R. J., Gooddy, D. C., Marchant, B. P., Lapworth, D. J., James, A., Cook, M., Darby, K., & Besien, T. (2025) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144804
VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF ALKYLFLUORIDES IN THE SEDIMENTS OF OMURA BAY
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Thiebault, T., Foucher, A., Labadie, P., Baudin, F., Alliot, F., Grosbois, C. A., Evrard, O., Budzinski, H., & Ayrault, S. (2026) · Environmental Monitoring and Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10661-026-15496-7
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Beyond targeted PFAS: contamination patterns and trophic dynamics in an estuarine food web
Serre, N., Dumesnil, C., Boulard, L., Cresson, P., Munschy, C., Singh, R. R., Zalouk-Vergnoux, A., & Aminot, Y. (2026) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2026.110563
- Authors
- Macorps, N., Labadie, P., Lestremau, F., Assoumani, A., & Budzinski, H.
- Affiliations
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Institut national de l'environnement industriel et des risques (FR)
- Venue
- Science of The Total Environment
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2023-05
- Volume
- 874
- Pages
- 162493
- ISSN
- 0048-9697 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4322627111
- Cited by
- 57
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 3
- FWCI
- 4.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (am, 305 d)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
- Locations
- The Science of The Total Environment (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Oskar-Bordeaux (Universite de Bordeaux) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-10-LABX-0045, ANR‐10‐LABX‐45, ANR-10)
- European Regional Development Fund
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Environmental Chemistry and Analysis
- Keywords
- per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, PFAS, surface sediments, spatial distribution, aquatic environment, sediment contamination
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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