Worldwide Distribution of Novel Perfluoroether Carboxylic and Sulfonic Acids in Surface Water

In the citing paper

“Pan et al. [38] quantified ADONA in surface water samples from major Chinese river systems. Reported concentrations ranged from <0.01 to 1.5 ng/L, with a low detection frequency (9%).”

In the citing paper

“For PFAS identified and semi-quantified through SSA, method quantification limits were estimated based on the lowest PFAS concentration in river waters, producing a signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio of 10 (Table S8) [38].”

In the citing paper

“Pan et al. [132] conducted a study examining the concentrations of PFCA and PFSA in 160 surface water samples collected from countries such as South Korea, Germany, Sweden, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, China, and the United States. The results indicated that various PFAS compounds were consistently detected across these regions, highlighting their global presence in surface waters.”

In the citing paper

“As a PFOA alternative, HFPO-TA has been widely reported in surface water from China and other countries”

In the citing paper

“This compound was a transformation product of 6:2Cl-PFESA (Lin et al., 2017) and had been detected in river water (Lin et al., 2017; Pan et al., 2018) and wastewater (Wang et al., 2020).”

In the citing paper

“As replacement compounds for PFOA, ADONA and GenX have been detected in surface waters in China, Europe, and North America [96].”

In the citing paper

“In contrast, both ADONA and GenX have been more closely associated with industrial sources [11,96] and are detected in nearly all bank-filtered samples, but in less than 15% of the groundwater samples.”

In the citing paper

“Similar structures have been reported in numerous locations worldwide, indicating that emerging PFAS are every bit as ubiquitous as their PFOA/PFOS antecedents.(64,65)”

In the citing paper

“Other sulfonated fluoroether species have begun to be detected by other groups, but they exhibit different structural elements and likely have different origins that need to be examined independently.(64,72)”

In the citing paper

“In contrast, other studies have shown that high PFOS and PFOA concentrations were detected in Huangpu River, Yangtze River estuary, and Pearl River Delta located in China’s southern and eastern regions, and in rivers near industrial cities in several regions of China (So et al., 2007; Chen et al., 2009; Pan et al., 2018).”

In the citing paper

“The occurrence of novel PFAS such as PFBS, PFECA, and PFESA has also been reported in surface water and groundwater in China, the USA, the UK, Sweden, Germany, the Netherlands, Australia, and Korea (Bräunig et al., 2017; Pan et al., 2018; Marchiandi et al., 2021).”

In the citing paper

“This is mainly because legacy PFAS were phased out long ago in North America and Europe, whereas the developing regions of Asia, Africa, and Latin America are still using legacy PFAS to some extent (Pan et al., 2018).”

In the citing paper

“This is mainly because legacy PFAS were phased out long ago in North America and Europe, whereas the developing regions of Asia, Africa, and Latin America are still using legacy PFAS to some extent (Pan et al., 2018).”

In the citing paper

“The worldwide distribution of PFESAs and PFECAs in surface water was investigated using 160 samples collected between September and December 2016.”

In the citing paper

“The hydrogen-substituted analogue of 6:2 Cl-PFESA (6:2 H-PFESA) was only detected in China with a high detection rate (>95%) [54].”

In the citing paper

“Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA), hexafluoropropylene oxide trimer acid (HFPO-TA) and 6:2 Cl-PFESA were widely detected in all countries including China (n ¼ 106), the United States (n ¼ 12), the United Kingdom (n ¼ 6), Sweden (n ¼ 10), Germany (n ¼ 14), the Netherlands (n ¼ 6) and South Korea (n ¼ 6), with median values of 0.95, 0.21 and 0.31 ng/L, respectively.”

In the citing paper

“Recent PFAS studies have revealed that numerous PFAS are continuously used and discharged into the global environment [10,54,90].”