Dynamic Modeling of Microalgae Growth and Lipid Production under Transient Light and Nitrogen Conditions
Abstract
We developed a new dynamic model to characterize how light and nitrogen regulate the cellular processes of photosynthetic microalgae leading to transient changes in the production of neutral lipids, carbohydrates, and biomass. Our model recapitulated the versatile neutral lipid synthesis pathways via (i) carbon reuse from carbohydrate metabolism under nitrogen sufficiency and (ii) fixed carbon redirection under nitrogen depletion. We also characterized the effects of light adaptation, light inhibition hysteresis, and nitrogen limitation on photosynthetic carbon fixation. The formulated model was calibrated and validated with experimental data of Dunaliella viridis cultivated in a lab-scale photobioreactor (PBR) under various light (low/moderate/high) and nitrogen (sufficient/limited) conditions. We conducted the identifiability, uncertainty, and sensitivity analyses to verify the model reliability using the profile likelihood method, the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) technique, and the extended Fourier Amplitude Sensitivity Test (eFAST). Our model predictions agreed well with experimental observations and suggested potential model improvement by incorporating a lipid degradation mechanism. The insights from our model-driven analysis helped improve the mechanistic understanding of transient algae growth and bioproducts formation under environmental variations and could be applied to optimize biofuel and biomass production.
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The intracellular nitrogen quota plays a crucial role in regulating the allocation of carbon between the functional pool and the storage pool, thus nitrogen deficiency consistently impacts the carbon flow in microalgae.
“The intracellular nitrogen quota plays a crucial role in regulating the allocation of carbon between the functional pool and the storage pool, thus nitrogen deficiency consistently impacts the carbon flow in microalgae, as indicated in references [120, 121].”
From Microalgae biofuels: illuminating the path to a sustainable future amidst challenges and opportunities (2024) · cites this paper as [121]
As nitrogen levels decrease, the fixed carbon undergoes a shift from the synthesis of functional biomass to the generation of storage molecules, resulting in the redirection of previously stored carbon towards neutral lipids.
“Nevertheless, as nitrogen levels decrease, the fixed carbon undergoes a shift from the synthesis of functional biomass to the generation of storage molecules, resulting in the redirection of previously stored carbon towards neutral lipids [121].”
From Microalgae biofuels: illuminating the path to a sustainable future amidst challenges and opportunities (2024) · cites this paper as [121]
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- Authors
- Wang, D., Lai, Y.-C., Karam, A. L., de los Reyes, F. L., & Ducoste, J. J.
- Affiliations
- North Carolina State University (US)
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Corresponding author
- Ducoste, Joel J.
- Venue
- Environmental Science & Technology
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2019-08-26
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 19
- Pages
- 11560-11568
- ISSN
- 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5851
- OpenAlex
- W2970121679
- Cited by
- 46
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 0.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Environmental Science & Technology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Division of Emerging Frontiers in Research and Innovation (1332341)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Algal biology and biofuel production
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Aquatic Ecosystems and Phytoplankton Dynamics
- Keywords
- lipid production, Dunaliella viridis, nitrogen limitation, light adaptation, photosynthetic carbon fixation, neutral lipid synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, biomass production, photobioreactor cultivation, model identifiability, sensitivity analysis, lipid degradation
- MeSH terms
- Lipids, Nitrogen, Reproducibility of Results, Biomass, Lipid Metabolism, Microalgae
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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