Antiobesity Effect of Exopolysaccharides Isolated from Kefir Grains
Abstract
Physiological properties of water-soluble exopolysaccharides (EPS) and residues after EPS removal (Res) from the probiotic kefir were determined in high-fat (HF) diet-fed C57BL/6J mice. EPS solutions showed rheological properties and lower viscosity compared to those of β-glucan (BG). EPS significantly suppressed the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes in a dose-dependent manner. Mice were fed HF diets containing 5% EPS, 5% BG, 8% Res, or 5% microcrystalline cellulose (control) for 4 weeks. Compared with the control, EPS supplementation significantly reduced HF diet-induced body weight gain, adipose tissue weight, and plasma very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration (P < 0.05). Res and BG significantly reduced body weight gain; however, reduction in adipose tissue weight was not statistically significant, suggesting that the antiobesity effect of EPS occurs due to viscosity and an additional factor. EPS supplementation significantly enhanced abundance of Akkermansia spp. in feces. These data indicate that EPS shows significant antiobesity effects possibly via intestinal microbiota alterations.
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In vivo, kefir exopolysaccharides reduced body weight gain, adipose tissue weight, and plasma very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration.
“Also, reductions in body weight gain, adipose tissue weight and plasma very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration (VLDL) occurred in vivo (35).”
From Kefir and Intestinal Microbiota Modulation: Implications in Human Health (2021) · cites this paper as [35]
Beneficial effects of kefir exopolysaccharides could be related to the viscosity of exopolysaccharides produced by bacteria present in kefir.
“Lim et al. (35) evaluated the effect of exopolysaccharides derived from kefir grains, showing that the beneficial effects found could be related to the viscosity of exopolysaccharides produced by the bacteria present in kefir (Table 1).”
From Kefir and Intestinal Microbiota Modulation: Implications in Human Health (2021) · cites this paper as [35]
Kefir exopolysaccharides suppressed obesity in vitro through the supply of adipogenesis.
“Authors observed that exopolysaccharides were able to suppress obesity in vitro, through the supply of adipogenesis.”
From Kefir and Intestinal Microbiota Modulation: Implications in Human Health (2021) · cites this paper as [35]
In vivo results of kefir exopolysaccharides are explained by bacterial metabolites and product viscosity, generating appetite suppression and reducing energy consumption and glucose and lipid absorption.
“Such in vivo results were explained by both the presence of bacterial metabolites and by the product's viscosity, which generates appetite suppression and reduces energy consumption as well as glucose and lipid absorption.”
From Kefir and Intestinal Microbiota Modulation: Implications in Human Health (2021) · cites this paper as [35]
Kefir exopolysaccharides increased the abundance of Akkermansia.
“Furthermore, the supply of kefir exopolysaccharides was able to increase the abundance of Akkermansia (35).”
From Kefir and Intestinal Microbiota Modulation: Implications in Human Health (2021) · cites this paper as [35]
EPS isolated from Lb. kefiranofaciens possessed superior cholesterol-lowering properties by decreasing the level of extremely low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in an in vivo assay.
“in an in vivo assay, EPS isolated from Lb. kefiranofaciens was found to possess superior cholesterol-lowering properties by decreasing the level of extremely low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [136].”
From Lactic Acid Bacteria Exopolysaccharides Producers: A Sustainable Tool for Functional Foods (2021) · cites this paper as [136]
Adipocytes play a vital role in the regulation of energy intake, energy expenditure, and both lipid and carbohydrate metabolism; lowering lipogenesis, enhancing lipolysis, and decreasing pre-adipocyte differentiation are strategies against obesity.
“Adipocytes play a vital role in the regulation of energy intake, energy expenditure, and both lipid and carbohydrate metabolism; thus, they lower lipogenesis, enhance lipolysis, and decrease pre-adipocyte differentiation, all of which are strategies against obesity [14,15,19].”
From Separation and Lipid Inhibition Effects of a Novel Decapeptide from Chlorella pyenoidose (2019) · cites this paper as [19]
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“In a like manner, exopolysaccharides such as kefiran derived from kefir also suggested as bioactive compounds due to their potential prebiotic effects and relation to alteration of intestinal microbiota [77].”
BackgroundKefir and Intestinal Microbiota Modulation: Implications in Human Health
Peluzio, M. D. C. G., Dias, M. D. M. E., Martinez, J. A., & Milagro, F. I. (2021) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2021.638740 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Separation and Lipid Inhibition Effects of a Novel Decapeptide from Chlorella pyenoidose
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- Authors
- Lim, J., Kale, M., Kim, D.-H., Kim, H.-S., Chon, J.-W., Seo, K.-H., Lee, H. G., Yokoyama, W., & Kim, H.
- Affiliations
- Hanyang University (KR)
- United States Department of Agriculture (US)
- Konkuk University (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Kim, Hyunsook
- Venue
- Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2017-11-08
- Volume
- 65
- Issue
- 46
- Pages
- 10011-10019
- ISSN
- 0021-8561 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5118
- OpenAlex
- W2765743442
- Cited by
- 70
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 5
- FWCI
- 7.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- The Royal Society of Chemistry’s Journals, Books and Databases (The Royal Society of Chemistry) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Research Foundation of Korea (2015R1A2A2A01005017)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Polysaccharides Composition and Applications
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Keywords
- exopolysaccharides, kefir grains, anti-obesity, high-fat diet, adipogenesis, 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, viscosity, rheological properties, β-glucan, Akkermansia, gut microbiota, weight gain, adipose tissue, VLDL cholesterol, probiotics
- MeSH terms
- Kefir, Adipose Tissue, Animals, Cattle, Humans, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Milk, Obesity, Polysaccharides, Anti-Obesity Agents, 3T3-L1 Cells, Adipogenesis, Mice, Diet, High-Fat
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