A Class of Disulfide Compounds Suppresses Ferroptosis by Stabilizing GPX4
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a nonapoptotic form of cell death characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation and has been implicated in multiple pathological conditions. Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) plays an essential role in inhibiting ferroptosis by eliminating lipid peroxide using glutathione (GSH) as a reductant. In this study, we found Ellman's reagent DTNB and a series of disulfide compounds, including disulfiram (DSF), an FDA-approved drug, which protect cells from erastin-induced ferroptosis. Mechanistically, DTNB or DSF is conjugated to multiple cysteine residues in GPX4 and disrupts GPX4 interaction with HSC70, an adaptor protein for chaperone mediated autophagy, thus preventing GPX4 degradation induced by erastin. In addition, DSF ameliorates concanavalin A induced acute liver injury by suppressing ferroptosis in a mouse model. Our work reveals a novel regulatory mechanism for GPX4 protein stability control. We also discover disulfide compounds as a new class of ferroptosis inhibitors and suggest therapeutic repurposing of DSF in treating ferroptosis-related diseases.
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DIS suppresses ferroptosis by modifying cysteine residues on glutathione peroxidase 4, preventing its chaperone-mediated autophagic degradation; this stabilizes GPX4, enabling lipid peroxide detoxification and cytoprotection, as validated in the acute liver injury model.
“DIS suppresses ferroptosis by modifying cysteine residues on glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), preventing its chaperone-mediated autophagic degradation. This stabilizes GPX4, enabling lipid peroxide detoxification and cytoprotection. The mechanism offers a novel approach to GPX4 regulation, with DIS showing repurposing potential in ferroptosis-driven diseases, as validated in the acute liver injury”
From Off-label and repurposed use of disulfiram beyond alcohol dependence: A systematic review of clinical and preclinical evidence (2026) · cites this paper as [119]
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- Authors
- Liu, J.-P., Cen, S.-Y., Xue, Z., Wang, T.-X., Gao, Y., Zheng, J., Zhang, C., Hu, J., Nie, S., Xiong, Y., Guan, K.-L., & Yuan, H.-X.
- Affiliations
- Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University (CN)
- The Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai, Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and the School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai200032, China
- Chongqing Medical University (CN)
- Cullgen Inc., 12671 High Bluff Drive, San Diego, California92130, United States
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Corresponding author
- Yuan, Hai-Xin
- ORCID
- Venue
- ACS Chemical Biology
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2022-11-29
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 3389-3406
- ISSN
- 1554-8929 (ISSN-L)
- 1554-8937
- OpenAlex
- W4310462660
- Cited by
- 29
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 3
- FWCI
- 3.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- ACS Chemical Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China (2018YFA0800304)
- Venture and Innovation Support Program for Chongqing Overseas Returnees (cx2022012)
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (31970684)
- Development Fund for Shanghai Talents (2019109)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Ferroptosis and cancer prognosis
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cell death mechanisms and regulation
- Keywords
- ferroptosis, GPX4, disulfides, disulfiram, DTNB, erastin, Hsc70, chaperone-mediated autophagy, lipid peroxidation, acute liver injury, concanavalin A, drug repurposing, ferroptosis inhibitors
- MeSH terms
- Ferroptosis, Phospholipid Hydroperoxide Glutathione Peroxidase, Animals, Disulfides, Disulfiram, Dithionitrobenzoic Acid, Glutathione, Sulfides, Lipid Peroxidation, Mice
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