Peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids by lipoxygenases drives ferroptosis
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Significance: Ferroptosis is a regulated form of cell death induced by loss of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) phospholipid peroxidase activity and lethal accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Small-molecule inhibitors of GPX4 induce ferroptosis; however, the interaction between these inhibitors and GPX4 has remained elusive, as has the identity of the reactive oxygen species that drive execution of ferroptosis. We identified here a ligand-binding site on GPX4 and determined the specific lipids oxidized during ferroptosis. We further identified two key drivers of lipid peroxidation during ferroptosis: lipoxygenases and phosphorylase kinase G2. These findings reveal a previously enigmatic mechanism of ferroptotic lipid peroxide generation and suggest new strategies for pharmacological control of ferroptosis and diseases associated with this mode of cell death.
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Iron depletion by chelators or PHKG2 knockdown inhibits ferroptosis.
“the ferroptosis-inhibiting effect of iron depletion by either chelators [539, 543, 548] or phosphorylase kinase catalytic subunit gamma 2 (PHKG2) knockdown [566]”
From Molecular mechanisms of cell death: recommendations of the nomenclature committee on cell death 2018. (2018) · cites this paper as [566]
In ferroptosis, PUFA peroxidation seems mainly regulated by mutually antagonistic activity of LOXs and GPX4.
“In the context of ferroptosis, PUFA peroxidation seems to be mainly regulated by the mutually antagonistic activity of LOXs (which directly catalyze lipid peroxidation) and GPX4 (which indirectly inhibits it) [550, 566].”
From Molecular mechanisms of cell death: recommendations of the nomenclature committee on cell death 2018. (2018) · cites this paper as [566]
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- Authors
- Yang, W. S., Kim, K. J., Gaschler, M. M., Patel, M., Shchepinov, M. S., & Stockwell, B. R.
- Affiliations
- St. John's University (US)
- Columbia University (US)
- New York University (US)
- Retrotope (United States) (US)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2016-08-09
- Volume
- 113
- Issue
- 34
- Pages
- E4966-75
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC5003261
- OpenAlex
- W2508296626
- Cited by
- 2,329
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 230 · 2025: 348 · 2024: 441 · 2023: 410 · 2022: 319 · 2021: 249 · 2020: 152 · 2019: 70 · 2018: 62 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 52.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA097061)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Ferroptosis and cancer prognosis
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Selenium in Biological Systems
- Keywords
- ferroptosis, lipid peroxidation, polyunsaturated fatty acids, lipoxygenase, GPX4, iron availability, selenocysteine, deuterated fatty acids, reactive oxygen species, non-apoptotic cell death
- MeSH terms
- Phospholipid Hydroperoxide Glutathione Peroxidase, Deuterium, Epithelial Cells, Fatty Acids, Unsaturated, Gene Expression Regulation, Glutathione Peroxidase, Humans, Iron, Lipid Peroxides, Phosphorylase Kinase, Recombinant Fusion Proteins, Lipid Peroxidation, Signal Transduction, Cell Death, Selenocysteine, Catalytic Domain, Protein Transport, Cell Line, Tumor, Green Fluorescent Proteins, Lipoxygenases
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