The DOI matches its Crossref record; 13 of the 13 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Electron-Accepting Micelles Deplete Reduced Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate and Impair Two Antioxidant Cascades for Ferroptosis-Induced Tumor Eradication
Abstract
Abstract Ferroptotic antitumor therapy has been compromised by various intracellular antioxidants, particularly glutathione and thioredoxin. Both are cofactors of glutathione peroxide 4 (GPX4) that act against oxidative stress via catalyzing the reduction of lipid peroxides. It was postulated that tailored polymer micelles could enhance ferroptotic antitumor efficacy via diminishing glutathione and thioredoxin under hypoxia. The aim was to engineer hypoxia-responsive micelles for selective enhancement of ferroptotic cell death in solid tumor. The polymer contains hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) that is linked by azobenzene linker with nitroimidazole-conjugated polypeptide. The tailored polymer could self-assemble into nanoscale micelles to encapsulate RAS-selective lethal small molecule 3, a covalent GPX4 inhibitor. Under hypoxia, the azobenzene moiety enabled PEG shedding and enhanced micelles uptake in 4T1 cells. Likewise, the nitroimidazole moiety was reduced by the overexpressed nitroreductase with reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) as the cofactor, resulting in transient depletion of NADPH. This impaired both the glutathione and thioredoxin redox cycle, leading to diminished intracellular glutathione and thioredoxin. The selective potency of ferroptotic micelles in depleting NADPH, glutathione and thioredoxin was further verified in vivo in the 4T1 tumor xenograft mice model. This work highlights the role of hypoxia-responsive polymers in enhancing the potency of ferroptotic inducers against solid tumors without additional side effects to healthy organs.
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Emerging Roles of Energy Metabolism in Ferroptosis Regulation of Tumor Cells
Yao, X., Li, W., Fang, D., Xiao, C., Wu, X., Li, M., & Luo, Z. (2021) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202100997 · Cited by 282
Zhou, A., Fang, T., Chen, K., Xu, Y., Chen, Z., & Ning, X. (2022) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.202106568 · Cited by 72
Visible‐ and Near‐Infrared Light‐Driven Molecular Photoswitches for Biological Applications
Xu, Y., Tang, Y., & Li, Q. (2025) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.202416359 · Cited by 49
Wu, M., Zhang, Z., Li, D., Ruan, X., Yang, J., Chen, S., Li, X., & Ling, W. (2025) · Theranostics · doi:10.7150/thno.102977 · Cited by 21
Guo, X., Han, L., Chen, W., He, H., Zhang, W., Huang, C., & Wang, X. (2024) · International Journal of Nanomedicine · doi:10.2147/ijn.s432407 · Cited by 14
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Metadata
- Authors
- Guo, X., Liu, F., Deng, J., Dai, P., Qin, Y., Li, Z., Wang, B., Fan, A., Wang, Z., & Zhao, Y.
- Venue
- ACS Nano
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2020-11-06
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 14715-14730
- ISSN
- 1936-0851 (ISSN-L)
- 1936-086X
- OpenAlex
- W3097199385
- Cited by
- 187
- References
- 13
- FWCI
- 13.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Electron-Accepting Micelles Deplete Reduced Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate and Impair Two Antioxidant Cascades for Ferroptosis-Induced Tumor Eradication. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1021/acsnano.0c00764
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- Guo, X., Liu, F., Deng, J., Dai, P., Qin, Y., Li, Z., Wang, B., Fan, A., Wang, Z., & Zhao, Y. (2020). Electron-Accepting Micelles Deplete Reduced Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate and Impair Two Antioxidant Cascades for Ferroptosis-Induced Tumor Eradication. ACS Nano. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.0c00764
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