Plastic Waste Product Captures Carbon Dioxide in Nanometer Pores
Open accessAbstract
Plastic waste (PW) and increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) levels are among the top environmental concerns presently facing humankind. With an ambitious 2050 zero-CO 2 emissions goal, there is a demand for economical CO 2 capture routes. Here we show that the thermal treatment of PW in the presence of potassium acetate yields an effective carbon sorbent with pores width of 0.7–1.4 nm for CO 2 capture. The PW to carbon sorbent process works with single or mixed streams of polyolefin plastics. The CO 2 capacity of the sorbent at 25 °C is 17.0 ± 1.1 wt % (3.80 ± 0.25 mmol g –1 ) at 1 bar and 5.0 ± 0.6 wt % (1.13 ± 0.13 mmol g –1 ) at 0.15 bar, and it regenerates upon reaching 75 ± 5 °C. The CO 2 capture cost from flue gas via this technology is estimated to be <$21 ton –1 CO 2, much lower than competing CO 2 capture technologies. Hence, this PW-derived carbon material should find utility in the capture of CO 2 from point sources of high CO 2 emissions while providing a use for otherwise deleterious PW.
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Among the compared activating agents, potassium acetate demonstrated the best performance for porous carbon generation, while KOH effectively creates pores but can cause excessive plastic decomposition and reduce porous carbon yield.
“while KOH effectively creates pores, it can cause excessive plastic decomposition, reducing porous carbon yield; sodium acetate and lithium acetate have limited impact on yield; potassium acetate (KOAc) demonstrated the best performance for porous carbon generation [108] .”
From Functional carbon materials from waste plastics: synthesis and applications (2025) · cites this paper as [108]
The Synthesis and characterization of the sorbent section says KOAc performed best among the tested agents. It acknowledges KOH's reported effectiveness for activated-carbon synthesis generally, but says that with plastic waste, KOH caused complete decomposition without forming porous carbon—not merely a reduced yield. The same section says sodium and lithium acetates produced complete decomposition or only trace yields, rather than having a limited impact on yield. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredFlash Joule heating cannot control the graphene layer.
“Although flash Joule heating cannot control the graphene layer, it can quickly and effectively convert mixed waste plastics into graphene within a few seconds, and the carbon yield of graphene is higher than that of chemical vapor deposition, reaching 20-30 wt% (Algozeeb et al. 2022).”
From Conversion of waste plastics into value-added carbon materials (2023) · cites this paper as Algozeeb et al. 2022
The carbon yield of graphene from flash Joule heating is higher than that from chemical vapor deposition, reaching 20-30 wt%.
“Although flash Joule heating cannot control the graphene layer, it can quickly and effectively convert mixed waste plastics into graphene within a few seconds, and the carbon yield of graphene is higher than that of chemical vapor deposition, reaching 20-30 wt% (Algozeeb et al. 2022).”
From Conversion of waste plastics into value-added carbon materials (2023) · cites this paper as Algozeeb et al. 2022
Flash Joule heating can quickly and effectively convert mixed waste plastics into graphene within a few seconds.
“Although flash Joule heating cannot control the graphene layer, it can quickly and effectively convert mixed waste plastics into graphene within a few seconds, and the carbon yield of graphene is higher than that of chemical vapor deposition, reaching 20-30 wt% (Algozeeb et al. 2022).”
From Conversion of waste plastics into value-added carbon materials (2023) · cites this paper as Algozeeb et al. 2022
Among different plastics, polyethylene terephthalate and polyvinyl chloride are more likely to produce porous carbon than polyethylene and polypropylene.
“Among different plastics, plastics such as polyethylene terephthalate and polyvinyl chloride are more likely to produce porous carbon than polyethylene and polypropylene (Algozeeb et al. 2022).”
From Conversion of waste plastics into value-added carbon materials (2023) · cites this paper as Algozeeb et al. 2022
Chemical vapor deposition and flash joule heating are effective methods for converting waste plastics into graphene.
“Chemical vapor deposition and flash joule heating are effective methods for converting waste plastics into graphene (Algozeeb et al. 2022;Cui et al. 2017).”
From Conversion of waste plastics into value-added carbon materials (2023) · cites this paper as Algozeeb et al. 2022
Through a more environmentally friendly and economical carbon dioxide capture route, porous carbon with high CO2 capture capacity was obtained by using waste plastic for carbonization in the presence of potassium salt.
“Through a more environmentally friendly and economical carbon dioxide capture route, porous carbon with high CO 2 capture capacity was obtained by using waste plastic for carbonization in the presence of potassium salt (Algozeeb et al. 2022).”
From Conversion of waste plastics into value-added carbon materials (2023) · cites this paper as Algozeeb et al. 2022
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- Authors
- Algozeeb, W. A., Savas, P. E., Yuan, Z., Wang, Z., Kittrell, C., Hall, J. N., Chen, W., Bollini, P., & Tour, J. M.
- Affiliations
- Rice University (US)
- University of Houston (US)
- Corresponding author
- Tour, James M.
- ORCID
- Venue
- ACS Nano
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2022-04-05
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 7284-7290
- ISSN
- 1936-0851 (ISSN-L)
- 1936-086X
- OpenAlex
- W4225533613
- Cited by
- 79
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 8
- FWCI
- 6.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.osti.gov
- Licence
- Locations
- ACS Nano (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Saudi Aramco
- U.S. Department of Energy (DE-F0031794)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Carbon Dioxide Capture Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › CO2 Sequestration and Geologic Interactions
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Industrial Gas Emission Control
- Keywords
- plastic waste, CO2 capture, carbon adsorbents, potassium acetate, heat treatment, polyolefins, flue gas, adsorbent regeneration, CO2 capture cost, waste valorization
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