Disruption and Wet Extraction of the Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris Using Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids
Abstract
Recently, ionic liquids have been demonstrated to increase the efficiency of solvent extraction of lipids from microalgae. However, to date, mostly imidazolium-based ionic liquids have been investigated. This report extends the range of cations studied to over 30, including imidazolium, ammonium, phosphonium, and pyridinium derivatives, which were screened for their ability to increase hexane extraction efficiency of lipids from freeze-dried microalgae Chlorella vulgaris at ambient temperature. Promising ionic liquids were first identified using gravimetric analysis of total extractable oils. Oils extracted after ionic liquid pretreatment were further characterized with respect to fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) equal to biodiesel yield, FAME composition, and chlorophyll content. With few exceptions, all of the tested ionic liquids had lower chlorophyll content than standard solvent extraction techniques. The effect of process parameters such as mass ratio of algae to ionic liquid, incubation time, water content, and cosolvents were investigated for 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylsulfate [C 2 mim][EtSO 4 ]. The results indicate that this ionic liquid can disrupt C. vulgaris in conjunction with methanol and allow facile recovery of lipids over a large degree of dewatered microalgae (0–82 wt % water), in a small amount of time (75 min) at room temperature, resulting in the development of a low energy, water compatible, biodiesel production scheme.
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Because polar biomolecules such as chlorophyll interfere in transesterification, reduction in chlorophyll content may improve the efficiency of biodiesel production from lipid-rich microalgae.
“Moreover, since polar biomolecules such as chlorophyll interfere in the transesterification process [125], such reduction in chlorophyll content may also improve the efficiency of biodiesel production from lipid-rich microalgae.”
From Challenges and Opportunities to Increase Economic Feasibility and Sustainability of Mixotrophic Cultivation of Green Microalgae of the Genus Chlorella (2022) · cites this paper as [125]
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- Authors
- Orr, V. C. A., Plechkova, N. V., Seddon, K. R., & Rehmann, L.
- Affiliations
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5B9
- Queen's University Belfast (GB)
- Western University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Rehmann, Lars
- Venue
- ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2015-11-04
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 591-600
- ISSN
- 2168-0485 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2340945709
- Cited by
- 160
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 7
- FWCI
- 3.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (Queen's University Belfast) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada
- Canada Foundation for Innovation
- Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Algal biology and biofuel production
- Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Catalysis › Ionic liquids properties and applications
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Biodiesel Production and Applications
- Keywords
- Chlorella vulgaris, room temperature ionic liquids, microalgal lipid extraction, ionic liquid pretreatment, cell disruption, biodiesel, fatty acid methyl esters, chlorophyll content, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylsulfate, cosolvent effects, moisture content
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