Current lipid extraction methods are significantly enhanced adding a water treatment step in Chlorella protothecoides
Open accessAbstract
Microalgae have the potential to rapidly accumulate lipids of high interest for the food, cosmetics, pharmaceutical and energy (e.g. biodiesel) industries. However, current lipid extraction methods show efficiency limitation and until now, extraction protocols have not been fully optimized for specific lipid compounds. The present study thus presents a novel lipid extraction method, consisting in the addition of a water treatment of biomass between the two-stage solvent extraction steps of current extraction methods. The resulting modified method not only enhances lipid extraction efficiency, but also yields a higher triacylglycerols (TAG) ratio, which is highly desirable for biodiesel production. Modification of four existing methods using acetone, chloroform/methanol (Chl/Met), chloroform/methanol/H 2 O (Chl/Met/H 2 O) and dichloromethane/methanol (Dic/Met) showed respective lipid extraction yield enhancement of 72.3, 35.8, 60.3 and 60.9%. The modified acetone method resulted in the highest extraction yield, with 68.9 ± 0.2% DW total lipids. Extraction of TAG was particularly improved with the water treatment, especially for the Chl/Met/H 2 O and Dic/Met methods. The acetone method with the water treatment led to the highest extraction level of TAG with 73.7 ± 7.3 µg/mg DW, which is 130.8 ± 10.6% higher than the maximum value obtained for the four classical methods (31.9 ± 4.6 µg/mg DW). Interestingly, the water treatment preferentially improved the extraction of intracellular fractions, i.e. TAG, sterols, and free fatty acids, compared to the lipid fractions of the cell membranes, which are constituted of phospholipids (PL), acetone mobile polar lipids and hydrocarbons. Finally, from the 32 fatty acids analyzed for both neutral lipids (NL) and polar lipids (PL) fractions, it is clear that the water treatment greatly improves NL-to-PL ratio for the four standard methods assessed. Water treatment of biomass after the first solvent extraction step helps the subsequent release of intracellular lipids in the second extraction step, thus improving the global lipids extraction yield. In addition, the water treatment positively modifies the intracellular lipid class ratios of the final extract, in which TAG ratio is significantly increased without changes in the fatty acids composition. The novel method thus provides an efficient way to improve lipid extraction yield of existing methods, as well as selectively favoring TAG, a lipid of the upmost interest for biodiesel production.
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Modification of solvent polarity (e.g., mixing hexane with ethanol or isopropanol) is necessary for high lipid recovery.
“In many cases, modification of solvent polarity (for example employing a mix of hexane with ethanol or isopropanol) is necessary for high lipid recovery (35-39).”
From Catalytic Hydroprocessing of Single-Cell Oils to Hydrocarbon Fuels: Converting microbial lipids to fuels is a promising approach to replace fossil fuels (2021) · cites this paper as [38]
Extraction methods incorporating chlorinated solvents, such as Folch and Bligh-Dyer protocols, tend to extract significant amounts of polar lipids and other polar materials.
“In particular, extraction methods that incorporate chlorinated solvents, such as the well-known Folch and Bligh-Dyer extraction protocols, tend to extract significant amounts of polar lipids and other polar materials (36, 38).”
From Catalytic Hydroprocessing of Single-Cell Oils to Hydrocarbon Fuels: Converting microbial lipids to fuels is a promising approach to replace fossil fuels (2021) · cites this paper as [38]
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- Authors
- Ren, X., Zhao, X., Turcotte, F., Deschênes, J.-S., Tremblay, R., & Jolicoeur, M.
- Affiliations
- Polytechnique Montréal (CA)
- Université du Québec à Rimouski (CA)
- Venue
- Microbial Cell Factories
- Published
- 2017-02-11
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 26-26
- ISSN
- 1475-2859 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5303247
- OpenAlex
- W2586375435
- Cited by
- 83
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 1.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Microbial Cell Factories (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PolyPublie (École Polytechnique de Montréal) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies (FQRNT) (RS-171172)
- National Science and Engineering Council of Canada (NSERC) (093865 - RGPIN2014-04329)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Algal biology and biofuel production
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Aquatic Science › Seaweed-derived Bioactive Compounds
- Keywords
- Chlorella protothecoides, lipid extraction, triglycerides, biodiesel feedstock, microalgae, polar lipids, neutral lipids, fatty acid composition, solvent extraction optimization, sterols, free fatty acids, phospholipids, lipid yield, Chlorella
- MeSH terms
- Methanol, Cell Fractionation, Chlorella, Fatty Acids, Lipids, Solvents, Triglycerides, Water, Biomass, Biofuels, Liquid-Liquid Extraction
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