The DOI matches its Crossref record; 113 of the 113 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A Critical Review and Analysis on the Recycling of Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries
Open accessAbstract
Recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has attracted significant attention in recent years due to the increasing demand for corresponding critical metals/materials and growing pressure on the environmental impact of solid waste disposal. A range of investigations have been carried out for recycling spent LIBs to obtain either battery materials or individual compounds. For the effective recovery of materials to be enhanced, physical pretreatment is usually applied to obtain different streams of waste materials ensuring efficient separation for further processing. Subsequently, a metallurgical process is used to extract metals or separate impurities from a specific waste stream so that the recycled materials or compounds can be further prepared by incorporating principles of materials engineering. In this review, the current status of spent LIB recycling is summarized in light of the whole recycling process, especially focusing on the hydrometallurgy. In addition to understanding different hydrometallurgical technologies including acidic leaching, alkaline leaching, chemical precipitation, and solvent extraction, the existing challenges for process optimization during the recycling are critically analyzed. Moreover, the energy consumption of different processes is evaluated and discussed. It is expected that this research could provide a guideline for improving spent LIB recycling, and this topic can be further stimulated for industrial realization.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Li-ion battery materials: present and future
Nitta, N., Wu, F., Lee, J. T., & Yushin, G. (2015) · Materials Today · doi:10.1016/j.mattod.2014.10.040 · Cited by 7,389
Meshram, P., Pandey, B. D., & Mankhand, T. R. (2014) · Hydrometallurgy · doi:10.1016/j.hydromet.2014.10.012 · Cited by 982
Recycling of Spent Lithium-Ion Battery: A Critical Review
Zeng, X., Li, J., & Singh, N. (2014) · Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology · doi:10.1080/10643389.2013.763578 · Cited by 897
Development of a recycling process for Li-ion batteries
Georgi-Maschler, T., Friedrich, B., Weyhe, R., Heegn, H., & Rutz, M. (2012) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.01.152 · Cited by 836
A review of processes and technologies for the recycling of lithium-ion secondary batteries
Xu, J., Thomas, H. R., Francis, R. W., Lum, K. R., Wang, J., & Liang, B. (2008) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.11.074 · Cited by 810
Higher, Stronger, Better…︁ A Review of 5 Volt Cathode Materials for Advanced Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Kraytsberg, A., & Ein‐Eli, Y. (2012) · Advanced Energy Materials · doi:10.1002/aenm.201200068 · Cited by 698
Meshram, P., Pandey, B. D., & Mankhand, T. R. (2015) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2015.06.071 · Cited by 605
Li, J., Wang, G., & Xu, Z. (2016) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.09.050 · Cited by 579
Novel approach to recover cobalt and lithium from spent lithium-ion battery using oxalic acid
Zeng, X., Li, J., & Shen, B. (2015) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.02.064 · Cited by 571
Li, L., Dunn, J. B., Zhang, X. X., Gaines, L., Chen, R. J., Wu, F., & Amine, K. (2013) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.12.089 · Cited by 563
Cited by
Recycling lithium-ion batteries from electric vehicles
Harper, G., Sommerville, R., Kendrick, E., Driscoll, L., Slater, P., Stolkin, R., Walton, A., Christensen, P., Heidrich, O., Lambert, S., et al. (2019) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1682-5 · Cited by 3,890
Commercialization of Lithium Battery Technologies for Electric Vehicles
Zeng, X., Li, M., Abd El‐Hady, D., Alshitari, W., Al‐Bogami, A. S., Lu, J., & Amine, K. (2019) · Advanced Energy Materials · doi:10.1002/aenm.201900161 · Cited by 1,542
Toward sustainable and systematic recycling of spent rechargeable batteries
Zhang, X., Li, L., Fan, E., Xue, Q., Bian, Y., Wu, F., & Chen, R. (2018) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/c8cs00297e · Cited by 1,038
Environmental impacts, pollution sources and pathways of spent lithium-ion batteries
Mrozik, W., Rajaeifar, M. A., Heidrich, O., & Christensen, P. (2021) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/d1ee00691f · Cited by 1,028
Neumann, J., Petranikova, M., Meeus, M., Gamarra, J. D., Younesi, R., Winter, M., & Nowak, S. (2022) · Advanced Energy Materials · doi:10.1002/aenm.202102917 · Cited by 805
Metadata
- Authors
- Lv, W., Wang, Z., Cao, H., Sun, Y., Zhang, Y., & Sun, Z.
- Venue
- ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2018-01-11
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 1504-1521
- ISSN
- 2168-0485 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2773928501
- Cited by
- 1,163
- References
- 113
- FWCI
- 47.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: A Critical Review and Analysis on the Recycling of Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b03811
- The paper
- Lv, W., Wang, Z., Cao, H., Sun, Y., Zhang, Y., & Sun, Z. (2018). A Critical Review and Analysis on the Recycling of Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b03811
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
