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Computational Design and Experimental Characterization of Peptides Intended for pH-Dependent Membrane Insertion and Pore Formation
Open accessAbstract
There are many opportunities to use macromolecules, such as peptides and oligonucleotides, for intracellular applications. Despite this, general methods for delivering these molecules to the cytosol in a safe and efficient manner are not available. Efforts to develop a variety of intracellular drug delivery systems such as viral vectors, lipoplexes, nanoparticles, and amphiphilic peptides have been made, but various challenges such as delivery efficiency, toxicity, and controllability remain. A central challenge is the ability to selectively perturb, not destroy, the membrane to facilitate cargo introduction. Herein, we describe our efforts to design and characterize peptides that form pores inside membranes at acidic pH, so-called pH-switchable pore formation (PSPF) peptides, as a potential means for facilitating cargo translocation through membranes. Consistent with pore formation, these peptides exhibit low-pH-triggered selective release of ATP and miRNA, but not hemoglobin, from red blood cells. Consistent with these observations, biophysical studies (tryptophan fluorescence, circular dichroism, size-exclusion chromatography, analytical ultracentrifugation, and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy) show that decreased pH destabilizes the PSPF peptides in aqueous systems while promoting their membrane insertion. Together, these results suggest that reduced pH drives insertion of PSPF peptides into membranes, leading to target-specific escape through a proposed pore formation mechanism.
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Achieving the desired balance between multiple target coiled-coil states often requires several rounds of trial-and-error and a detailed understanding of the energetic factors that discriminate between alternative topologies and oligomerization states.
“While this has been accomplished in a number of cases,18−31 achieving the desired balance between multiple target coiled-coil states often requires several rounds of trial-and-error and a detailed understanding of the energetic factors that discriminate between alternative topologies and oligomerization states.”
From Assessment of the Topology and Oligomerisation States of Coiled Coils Using Metadynamics with Conformational Restraints (2025) · cites this paper as [23]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Zhang, Y., Bartz, R., Grigoryan, G., Bryant, M., Aaronson, J., Beck, S., Innocent, N., Klein, L., Procopio, W., Tucker, T., Jadhav, V., Tellers, D. M., & DeGrado, W. F.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (United States) (US)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Corresponding author
- Tellers, David M.
- DeGrado, William F.
- ORCID
- Venue
- ACS Chemical Biology
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2015-01-28
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1082-1093
- ISSN
- 1554-8929 (ISSN-L)
- 1554-8937
- PMC
- PMC4843813
- OpenAlex
- W2086480986
- Cited by
- 23
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 3
- FWCI
- 1.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- ACS Chemical Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM054616)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Lipid Membrane Structure and Behavior
- Keywords
- membrane insertion, intracellular drug delivery, ATP release, erythrocytes, cytosolic delivery
- MeSH terms
- Adenosine Triphosphate, Amino Acid Sequence, Cell Membrane, Chromatography, Gel, Circular Dichroism, Erythrocytes, Hemolysis, Humans, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Lipid Bilayers, Molecular Sequence Data, Peptides, Solubility, Spectrometry, Fluorescence, Tryptophan, Drug Design, Protein Engineering, MicroRNAs
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