A Surfactant-Free Strategy for Synthesizing and Processing Intermetallic Platinum-Based Nanoparticle Catalysts
Abstract
Using Pt(3)Fe nanoparticles as an example, a surfactant-free Np-KCl matrix method (Np stands for nanoparticle) is developed for the synthesis of nanoparticles with controlled size and structure. In this method, the Np-KCl assembly is formed in a one-pot reduction in THF at room temperature. KCl is an insoluble byproduct of the reaction and serves as a matrix that traps the nanoparticles to avoid particle agglomeration and to control the coalescence of nanoparticles during thermal annealing up to 600 °C. By varying the molar ratio of metal precursors and KCl, as well as the time and temperature of annealing, the final particle sizes and crystalline order can be independently controlled. After thermal processing, nanoparticles were released from the KCl matrix and transferred in an ethylene glycol-water solution to support materials forming a uniform Np-support assembly. A detailed study of the synthesis of ordered intermetallic Pt(3)Fe nanoparticles with an average diameter of 4 nm, using this Np-KCl method, is provided as an example of a generally applicable method. This surfactant-free strategy has been extended to the synthesis of other bi- and trimetallic nanoparticles of Pt-transition metals.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Cites
Armand, M., & Tarascon, J.-M. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/451652a · Cited by 19,612 · see citing works
Semiconductor Clusters, Nanocrystals, and Quantum Dots
Alivisatos, A. P. (1996) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.271.5251.933 · Cited by 11,542 · see citing works
Nanostructured materials for advanced energy conversion and storage devices
Aricò, A. S., Bruce, P. G., Scrosati, B., Tarascon, J., & van Schalkwijk, W. (2005) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/nmat1368 · Cited by 8,816 · see citing works
Monodisperse FePt Nanoparticles and Ferromagnetic FePt Nanocrystal Superlattices
Sun, S., Murray, C. B., Weller, D., Folks, L., & Moser, A. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.287.5460.1989 · Cited by 6,137 · see citing works
Stamenkovic, V. R., Fowler, B., Mun, B. S., Wang, G., Ross, P. N., Lucas, C. A., & Marković, N. M. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1135941 · Cited by 4,421 · see citing works
Alloys of platinum and early transition metals as oxygen reduction electrocatalysts
Greeley, J., Stephens, I. E. L., Bondarenko, A. S., Johansson, T. P., Hansen, H. A., Jaramillo, T. F., Rossmeisl, J., Chorkendorff, I., & Nørskov, J. K. (2009) · Nature Chemistry · doi:10.1038/nchem.367 · Cited by 3,203 · see citing works
Lattice-strain control of the activity in dealloyed core–shell fuel cell catalysts
Strasser, P., Koh, S., Anniyev, T., Greeley, J., More, K., Yu, C., Liu, Z., Kaya, S., Nordlund, D., Ogasawara, H., et al. (2010) · Nature Chemistry · doi:10.1038/nchem.623 · Cited by 2,984 · see citing works
Stamenkovic, V., Mun, B. S., Mayrhofer, K. J. J., Ross, P. N., Markovic, N. M., Rossmeisl, J., Greeley, J., & Nørskov, J. K. (2006) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.200504386 · Cited by 2,109 · see citing works
Lu, Y.-C., Xu, Z. J., Gasteiger, H., Chen, S., Hamad-Schifferli, K., & Yang, S.-H. (2010) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja1036572 · Cited by 1,184 · see citing works
Stamenkovic, V. R., Mun, B. S., Mayrhofer, K. J. J., Ross, P. N., & Markovic, N. M. (2006) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja0600476 · Cited by 974 · see citing works
Reversible Tuning of Silver Quantum Dot Monolayers Through the Metal-Insulator Transition
Collier, C. P., Saykally, R. J., Shiang, J. J., Henrichs, S. E., & Heath, J. R. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.277.5334.1978 · Cited by 864 · see citing works
Stamenković, V. R., Schmidt, T. J., Ross, P. N., & Marković, N. M. (2002) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry B · doi:10.1021/jp021182h · Cited by 828 · see citing works
Synthesis and Oxygen Reduction Activity of Shape-Controlled Pt<sub>3</sub>Ni Nanopolyhedra
Zhang, J., Yang, H., Fang, J., & Zou, S. (2010) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl903717z · Cited by 788 · see citing works
Koh, S., & Strasser, P. (2007) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja0742784 · Cited by 783 · see citing works
Crewe, A. V., Wall, J. S., & Langmore, J. P. (1970) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.168.3937.1338 · Cited by 754 · see citing works
Size-Selected Synthesis of PtRu Nano-Catalysts: Reaction and Size Control Mechanism
Bock, C., Paquet, C., Couillard, M., Botton, G. A., & MacDougall, B. R. (2004) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja0495819 · Cited by 699 · see citing works
Wang, Y., Ren, J., Deng, K., Gui, L., & Tang, Y. (2000) · Chemistry of Materials · doi:10.1021/cm0000853 · Cited by 580 · see citing works
Structurally Ordered FePt Nanoparticles and Their Enhanced Catalysis for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Kim, J., Lee, Y., & Sun, S. (2010) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja1009629 · Cited by 523 · see citing works
Electrocatalytic Activity of Ordered Intermetallic Phases for Fuel Cell Applications
Casado-Rivera, E., Volpe, D. J., Alden, L., Lind, C., Downie, C., Vázquez-Alvarez, T., Angelo, A. C. D., DiSalvo, F. J., & Abruña, H. D. (2004) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja038497a · Cited by 521 · see citing works
Self-citationSun, Y., Wiley, B. J., Li, Z., & Younan Xia, A. (2004) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja048789r · Cited by 422 · see citing works
Mani, P., Srivastava, R., & Strasser, P. (2011) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.07.047 · Cited by 379 · see citing works
Synthesis of monodisperse Au, Pt, Pd, Ru and Ir nanoparticles in ethylene glycol
Bonet, F., Delmas, V., Grugeon, S., Herrera-Urbina, R., Silvert, P.-Y., & Tekaia-Elhsissen, K. (1999) · Nanostructured Materials · doi:10.1016/s0965-9773(99)00419-5 · Cited by 363 · see citing works
Size-Dependent Morphology of Dealloyed Bimetallic Catalysts: Linking the Nano to the Macro Scale
Oezaslan, M., Heggen, M., & Strasser, P. (2011) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja2088162 · Cited by 356 · see citing works
Simulation of annular dark field stem images using a modified multislice method
Kirkland, E. J., Loane, R. F., & Silcox, J. (1987) · Ultramicroscopy · doi:10.1016/0304-3991(87)90229-4 · Cited by 352 · see citing works
Holby, E. F., Sheng, W., Shao‐Horn, Y., & Morgan, D. D. (2009) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/b821622n · Cited by 337 · see citing works
Wang, D., Yu, Y., Xin, H. L., Hovden, R., Ercius, P. A., Mundy, J. A., Chen, H., Richard, J. H., Muller, D. A., DiSalvo, F. J., et al. (2012) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl302404g · Cited by 310 · see citing works
Self-citationWang, C., Chi, M., Wang, G., van der Vliet, D., Li, D., More, K., Wang, H., Schlueter, J. A., Markovic, N. M., & Stamenkovic, V. R. (2011) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.201001138 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Structure-Induced Enhancement in Electrooxidation of Trimetallic FePtAu Nanoparticles
Zhang, S., Guo, S., Zhu, H., Su, D., & Sun, S. (2012) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja300708j · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Dispersible Ferromagnetic FePt Nanoparticles
Kim, J., Rong, C., Liu, J. P., et al. (2008) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.200801620 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Yu, Y., Xin, H. L., Hovden, R., Wang, D., Rus, E. D., Mundy, J. A., Muller, D. A., & Abruña, H. D. (2011) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl203920s · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Self-citationBimetallic Ru Electrocatalysts for the OER and Electrolytic Water Splitting in Acidic Media
Forgie, R., Bugosh, G., Neyerlin, K. C., Liu, Z., & Strasser, P. (2010) · Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters · doi:10.1149/1.3290735 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Electrocatalytic Performance of Fuel Oxidation by Pt3Ti Nanoparticles
Abe, H., Matsumoto, F., Alden, L. R., Warren, S. C., Abruña, H. D., & DiSalvo, F. J. (2008) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja075061c · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Self-citationWang, D., Subban, C. V., Wang, H., Rus, E. D., DiSalvo, F. J., & Abruña, H. D. (2010) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja102931d · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Self-citationWang, C., Wang, G., van der Vliet, D., Chang, K., Marković, N. M., & Stamenković, V. R. (2010) · Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics · doi:10.1039/c000822b · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Salciccioli, M., Yu, W., Barteau, M. A., et al. (2011) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja201801t · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Magnetically superior and easy to handle L1-FePt nanocrystals
Yamamoto, S., Morimoto, Y., Ono, T., et al. (2005) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.1995959 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Roychowdhury, C., Matsumoto, F., Mutolo, P. F., Abruña, H. D., & DiSalvo, F. J. (2005) · Chemistry of Materials · doi:10.1021/cm051886e · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Self-citationGhosh, T., Leonard, B. M., Zhou, Q., & DiSalvo, F. J. (2010) · Chemistry of Materials · doi:10.1021/cm9018474 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Self-citationLeonard, B. M., Zhou, Q., Wu, D., & DiSalvo, F. J. (2011) · Chemistry of Materials · doi:10.1021/cm1024876 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Self-citationElectrochemical reduction of noble metal compounds in ethylene glycol
Bonet, F., Guéry, C., Guyomard, D., et al. (1999) · International Journal of Inorganic Materials · doi:10.1016/s1463-0176(99)00007-1 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Ethanol and ethylene glycol on Ni/Pt(111) bimetallic surfaces: A DFT and HREELS study
Skoplyak, O., Barteau, M. A., & Chen, J. G. (2008) · Surface Science · doi:10.1016/j.susc.2008.09.040 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Carlton, C. E., Chen, S., Ferreira, P. J., Allard, L. F., & Shao‐Horn, Y. (2011) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1021/jz2016022 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
On the influence of Pt particle size on the PEMFC cathode performance
Wikander, K., Ekström, H., Palmqvist, A. E. C., & Lindbergh, G. (2007) · Electrochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2007.04.106 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Well-ordered L1-FePt nanoparticles synthesized by improved SiO2-nanoreactor method
Tamada, Y., Yamamoto, S., Takano, M., et al. (2007) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.2728760 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Enhancing H2 and CO Production from Glycerol Using Bimetallic Surfaces
Skoplyak, O., Barteau, M. A., & Chen, J. G. (2008) · ChemSusChem · doi:10.1002/cssc.200800053 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Reforming of Oxygenates for H2 Production on 3d/Pt(111) Bimetallic Surfaces
Skoplyak, O., Menning, C. A., Barteau, M. A., et al. (2008) · Topics in Catalysis · doi:10.1007/s11244-008-9119-7 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Yamamoto, S., Morimoto, Y., Tamada, Y., et al. (2006) · Chemistry of Materials · doi:10.1021/cm0616634 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Solubilities of alkali metal chlorides in some amine and ether solvents
Strong, J. G., & Tuttle, T. R. (1973) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/j100623a021 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Highly Durable and Active PtFe Nanocatalyst for Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Chung, D. Y., Jun, S. W., Yoon, G., Kwon, S. G., Shin, D. Y., Seo, P., Yoo, J. M., Shin, H., Chung, Y.-H., Kim, H., et al. (2015) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.5b09653 · Cited by 677 · see citing works
Recent Advances of Structurally Ordered Intermetallic Nanoparticles for Electrocatalysis
Xiao, W., Lei, W., Gong, M., Xin, H. L., & Wang, D. (2018) · ACS Catalysis · doi:10.1021/acscatal.7b04420 · Cited by 356 · see citing works
Self-citationSmall molecule-assisted synthesis of carbon supported platinum intermetallic fuel cell catalysts
Song, T.-W., Xu, C., Sheng, Z.-T., Yan, H.-K., Tong, L., Liu, J., Zeng, W.-J., Zuo, L.-J., Yin, P., Zuo, M., et al. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-34037-7 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Zhang, S., Hao, Y., Su, D., Doan-Nguyen, V. V. T., Wu, Y., Li, J., Sun, S., & Murray, C. B. (2014) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja5099066 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Wang, K., Wang, Y., Geng, S., Wang, Y., & Song, S. (2022) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.202113399 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Li, S., Li, J.-J., Xu, C., Zhang, L., Li, A., Song, T.-W., Zhang, W., Tong, L., & Liang, H.-W. (2024) · ACS Materials Letters · doi:10.1021/acsmaterialslett.3c01475 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Scalable Preparation of Intermetallic PtCo Fuel Cell Catalysts from Commercial Pt/C Catalysts
Zhang, L., Tong, L., Li, Z., Xu, X., Li, S., Ma, C., Song, T., Shao, R., Zhang, W., & Liang, H. (2025) · ChemCatChem · doi:10.1002/cctc.202500007 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
- Authors
- Chen, H., Wang, D., Yu, Y., Newton, K. A., Muller, D. A., Abruña, H., & DiSalvo, F. J.
- Affiliations
- Cornell University (US)
- Corresponding author
- DiSalvo, Francis J.
- Venue
- Journal of the American Chemical Society
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2012-10-24
- Volume
- 134
- Issue
- 44
- Pages
- 18453-18459
- ISSN
- 0002-7863 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5126
- OpenAlex
- W2128915096
- Cited by
- 152
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 3.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of the American Chemical Society (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eCommons (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Energy (DESC0001086)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Catalytic Processes in Materials Science
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Nanomaterials for catalytic reactions
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Chemical and Physical Properties of Materials
- Keywords
- surfactant-free synthesis, intermetallic nanoparticles, annealing, particle size control, crystalline order, bimetallic nanoparticles, trimetallic nanoparticles
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review