The DOI matches its Crossref record; 50 of the 50 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Amorphous Iron(III) OxideA Review
Abstract
The syntheses of amorphous Fe(2)O(3) nanoparticles of varying size and morphology, their magnetic properties, crystallization mechanism, and applications are reviewed herein. The synthetic routes are classified according to the nature of the sample (powders, nanocomposites, films, coated particles). The contributions of various experimental techniques to the characterization of an amorphous Fe(2)O(3) phase are considered in this review, including some key experimental markers, allowing its distinction from nanocrystalline "X-ray amorphous" polymorphs (maghemite, hematite). We discuss the thermally induced crystallization mechanisms depending on transformation temperature, atmosphere, and the size of the amorphous particles that predetermine the structure of the primarily formed crystalline polymorph. The controversial description of the magnetic behavior, including an interpretation of the low-temperature and in-field Mössbauer spectra, is analyzed.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Magnetic Properties of Nanostructured Materials
Leslie-Pelecky, D. L., & Rieke, R. D. (1996) · Chemistry of Materials · doi:10.1021/cm960077f · Cited by 1,721
Large-Scale Synthesis of Aligned Carbon Nanotubes
Li, W. Z., Xie, S. S., Qian, L. X., Chang, B. H., Zou, B. S., Zhou, W. Y., Zhao, R. A., & Wang, G. (1996) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.274.5293.1701 · Cited by 1,711
Finite-size effects in fine particles: magnetic and transport properties
Batlle, X., & Labarta, A. (2002) · Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics · doi:10.1088/0022-3727/35/6/201 · Cited by 1,173
High-Efficiency Intracellular Magnetic Labeling with Novel Superparamagnetic-Tat Peptide Conjugates
Josephson, L., Tung, C.-H., Moore, A., & Weissleder, R. (1999) · Bioconjugate Chemistry · doi:10.1021/bc980125h · Cited by 882
Atomic-scale magnetic modeling of oxide nanoparticles
Kodama, R. H., & Berkowitz, A. E. (1999) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.59.6321 · Cited by 679
Zboril, R., Mashlan, M., & Petridis, D. (2002) · Chemistry of Materials · doi:10.1021/cm0111074 · Cited by 665
Self-citationSurface and Internal Spin Canting in γ-Fe2O3 Nanoparticles
Morales, M. P., Veintemillas-Verdaguer, S., Montero, M. I., Serna, C. J., Roig, A., Casas, L., Martínez, B., & Sandiumenge, F. (1999) · Chemistry of Materials · doi:10.1021/cm991018f · Cited by 639
Magnetocaloric effect in superparamagnets
McMichael, R. D., Shull, R. D., Swartzendruber, L. J., Bennett, L. H., & Watson, R. E. (1992) · Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials · doi:10.1016/0304-8853(92)91049-y · Cited by 501
Electrical properties of semiconducting oxide glasses
Murawski, L., Chung, C. H., & Mackenzie, J. D. (1979) · Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids · doi:10.1016/0022-3093(79)90066-8 · Cited by 492
Platinum-Maghemite Core−Shell Nanoparticles Using a Sequential Synthesis
Teng, X., Black, D., Watkins, N. J., Gao, Y., & Yang, H. (2003) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl025918y · Cited by 414
Magnetic properties of hematite nanoparticles
Bødker, F., Hansen, M. F., Koch, C. B., Lefmann, K., & Mørup, S. (2000) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.61.6826 · Cited by 407
Pascal, C., Pascal, J. L., Favier, F., Elidrissi Moubtassim, M. L., & Payen, C. (1999) · Chemistry of Materials · doi:10.1021/cm980742f · Cited by 339
Dormann, J. L., Fiorani, D., & Tronc, E. (1999) · Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials · doi:10.1016/s0304-8853(98)00627-1 · Cited by 325
Sonochemical Preparation of Nanosized Amorphous NiFe2O4 Particles
Shafi, K. V. P. M., Koltypin, Y., Gedanken, A., Prozorov, R., Balogh, J., Lendvai, J., & Felner, I. (1997) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry B · doi:10.1021/jp970893q · Cited by 301
Self-citationCharacterization of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in an Fe2O3−SiO2 Composite Prepared by a Sol−Gel Method
Ennas, G., Musinu, A., Piccaluga, G., Zedda, D., Gatteschi, D., Sangregorio, C., Stanger, J. L., Concas, G., & Spano, G. (1998) · Chemistry of Materials · doi:10.1021/cm970400u · Cited by 275
Size-induced structural phase transitions and hyperfine properties of microcrystalline Fe2O3
Ayyub, P., Multani, M., Barma, M., Palkar, V. R., & Vijayaraghavan, R. (1988) · Journal of Physics C: Solid State Physics · doi:10.1088/0022-3719/21/11/014 · Cited by 262
Spin-glass-like ordering of the magnetic moments of interacting nanosized maghemite particles
Mo/rup, S., Bo/dker, F., Hendriksen, P. V., & Linderoth, S. (1995) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.52.287 · Cited by 249
Structural and Magnetic Properties of Fe2O3 Nanoparticles Dispersed over a Silica Matrix
Cannas, C., Gatteschi, D., Musinu, A., Piccaluga, G., & Sangregorio, C. (1998) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry B · doi:10.1021/jp981355w · Cited by 232
Magnetic order in - nanoparticles: a XMCD study
Brice-Profeta, S., Arrio, M.-A., Tronc, E., Menguy, N., Letard, I., Cartier dit Moulin, C., Noguès, M., Chanéac, C., Jolivet, J.-P., & Sainctavit, P. (2005) · Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jmmm.2004.09.120 · Cited by 219
Sonochemical Synthesis of Functionalized Amorphous Iron Oxide Nanoparticles
Shafi, K. V. P. M., Ulman, A., Yan, X., Yang, N.-L., Estournès, C., White, H., & Rafailovich, M. (2001) · Langmuir · doi:10.1021/la010421+ · Cited by 209
Srivastava, D. N., Perkas, N., Gedanken, A., & Felner, I. (2002) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry B · doi:10.1021/jp015532w · Cited by 204
Self-citationMagnetic properties of nearly defect-free maghemite nanocrystals
Dutta, P., Manivannan, A., Seehra, M. S., Shah, N., & Huffman, G. P. (2004) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.70.174428 · Cited by 172
Bruni, S., Cariati, F., Casu, M., Lai, A., Musinu, A., Piccaluga, G., & Solinas, S. (1999) · Nanostructured Materials · doi:10.1016/s0965-9773(99)00335-9 · Cited by 171
Synthesis of pure amorphous Fe2O3
Cao, X., Prozorov, R., Koltypin, Y., Kataby, G., Felner, I., & Gedanken, A. (1997) · Journal of Materials Research · doi:10.1557/jmr.1997.0058 · Cited by 159
Self-citationMartínez, B., Roig, A., Obradors, X., Molins, E., Rouanet, A., & Monty, C. (1996) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/1.361125 · Cited by 157
Continuous production of γ-Fe2O3 ultrafine powders by laser pyrolysis
Veintemillas-Verdaguer, S., Morales, M. P., & Serna, C. J. (1998) · Materials Letters · doi:10.1016/s0167-577x(97)00251-6 · Cited by 146
Magnetic properties of iron oxide nanoclusters within microdomains of block copolymers
Sohn, B. H., Cohen, R. E., & Papaefthymiou, G. C. (1998) · Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials · doi:10.1016/s0304-8853(97)00675-6 · Cited by 133
Quantum Tunneling of Magnetization in Nanostructured Materials
Tejada, J., Ziolo, R. F., & Zhang, X. X. (1996) · Chemistry of Materials · doi:10.1021/cm9602003 · Cited by 127
MR imaging contrast agents — what's in a name?
Mitchell, D. G. (1997) · Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1002/jmri.1880070102 · Cited by 126
New Spin Structure in an Amorphous Ferric Gel
Coey, J. M. D., & Readman, P. W. (1973) · Nature · doi:10.1038/246476a0 · Cited by 126
From pure superparamagnetism to glass collective state in γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticle assemblies
Dormann, J. L., Fiorani, D., Cherkaoui, R., et al. (1999) · Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials · doi:10.1016/s0304-8853(99)00180-8 · Cited by 113
Microemulsion-assisted synthesis of tunable superparamagnetic composites
Tartaj, P., & Serna, C. J. (2002) · Chemistry of Materials · doi:10.1021/cm021214d · Cited by 110
Magnetic irreversibility and relaxation in assembly of ferromagnetic nanoparticles
Prozorov, R., Yeshurun, Y., Prozorov, T., & Gedanken, A. (1999) · Physical review. B, Condensed matter · doi:10.1103/physrevb.59.6956 · Cited by 104
Self-citationMagnetic properties of γ‐Fe2O3 nanoparticles made by coprecipitation method
Jeong, J., Lee, S., Kim, J., & Shin, S. (2004) · physica status solidi (b) · doi:10.1002/pssb.200304549 · Cited by 95
Kataby, G., Prozorov, T., Koltypin, Y., Cohen, H., Sukenik, C. N., Ulman, A., & Gedanken, A. (1997) · Langmuir · doi:10.1021/la960929q · Cited by 84
Self-citationSilica aerogel–iron oxide nanocomposites: structural and magnetic properties
Casas, L., Roig, A., Rodrı́guez, E., Molins, E., Tejada, J., & Sort, J. (2001) · Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids · doi:10.1016/s0022-3093(01)00429-x · Cited by 74
Zbořil, R., Mashlan, M., Barčová, K., & Vůjtek, M. (2002) · Hyperfine Interactions · doi:10.1023/a:1021226929237 · Cited by 74
Frandsen, C., Ostenfeld, C. W., Xu, M., Jacobsen, C. S., Keller, L., Lefmann, K., & Mørup, S. (2004) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.70.134416 · Cited by 69
Iron oxide nanoparticles hosted in silica aerogels
Casas, L., Roig, A., Molins, E., Grenèche, J., Asenjo, J., & Tejada, J. (2002) · Applied Physics A · doi:10.1007/s003390100948 · Cited by 66
Temperature dependence of the hyperfine field in amorphous Fe2O3
van Diepen, A. M., & Popma, T. J. A. (1978) · Solid State Communications · doi:10.1016/0038-1098(78)90814-1 · Cited by 56
Danzfuss, B., & Stimming, U. (1984) · Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry (1959) · doi:10.1016/0368-1874(84)83417-6 · Cited by 51
Laser-driven synthesis and magnetic properties of iron nanoparticles
He, Y., Sahoo, Y., Wang, S., Luo, H., Prasad, P. N., & Swihart, M. T. (2006) · Journal of Nanoparticle Research · doi:10.1007/s11051-005-9008-y · Cited by 40
The use of ultrasound radiation for the preparation of magnetic fluids
Shafi, K. V. P. M., Wizel, S., Prozorov, T., & Gedanken, A. (1998) · Thin Solid Films · doi:10.1016/s0040-6090(97)01135-8 · Cited by 39
Self-citationSonochemistry under an Applied Magnetic Field: Determining the Shape of a Magnetic Particle
Prozorov, T., Prozorov, R., Koltypin, Y., Felner, I., & Gedanken, A. (1998) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry B · doi:10.1021/jp982453k · Cited by 39
Self-citationZhao, X., Zheng, F., Liang, Y., Hu, Z. Q., & Xu, Y. B. (1994) · Materials Letters · doi:10.1016/0167-577x(94)90191-0 · Cited by 33
Investigation of the precursors of γ-Fe2O3 in Fe2O3/SiO2 nanocomposites obtained through sol–gel
Cannas, C., Concas, G., Falqui, A., Musinu, A., Spano, G., & Piccaluga, G. (2001) · Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids · doi:10.1016/s0022-3093(01)00504-x · Cited by 33
Study of the nanoparticle/matrix interactions in Y2O3–SiO2 samples
Cannas, C., Casu, M., Lai, A., Musinu, A., & Piccaluga, G. (2002) · Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics · doi:10.1039/b110996k · Cited by 25
Magnetic pigments for recording media
Ensling, J., Gütlich, P., Klinger, R., et al. (1998) · Hyperfine Interactions · doi:10.1023/a:1012624827290 · Cited by 24
Nagano, H., Machida, Y., Iwata, M., et al. (1997) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/s0378-5173(96)04804-1 · Cited by 20
de Grave, E., Vochten, R., Quénard, O., San, E. V., Desseyn, H. O., & Rousset, A. (1999) · Nanostructured Materials · doi:10.1016/s0965-9773(99)00334-7 · Cited by 11
Cited by
Nidheesh, P. V. (2015) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/c5ra02023a · Cited by 592
Polymorphous Transformations of Nanometric Iron(III) Oxide: A Review
Machala, L., Tuček, J., & Zbořil, R. (2011) · Chemistry of Materials · doi:10.1021/cm200397g · Cited by 573
Self-citationToxicity of heavy metals in plants and animals and their uptake by magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles
Rehman, A. U., Nazir, S., Irshad, R., Tahir, K., ur Rehman, K., Islam, R. U., & Wahab, Z. (2021) · Journal of Molecular Liquids · doi:10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114455 · Cited by 322
The role of Mg in the crystallization of monohydrocalcite
Rodriguez-Blanco, J. D., Shaw, S., Bots, P., Roncal-Herrero, T., & Benning, L. G. (2014) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2013.11.034 · Cited by 186
Metadata
- Authors
- Machala, L., Zboril, R., & Gedanken, A.
- Venue
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry B
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2007-04-01
- Volume
- 111
- Issue
- 16
- Pages
- 4003-4018
- ISSN
- 1520-5207 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-6106
- OpenAlex
- W2950104757
- Cited by
- 299
- References
- 50
- FWCI
- 7.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
