Transfer-Matrix Method for Efficient Ablation by Pulsed Laser Ablation and Nanoparticle Generation in Liquids
Abstract
Comparable low nanoparticle production is a weakness of femtosecond-pulsed laser ablation in liquids, but the process ablation rate can be maximized at optimal focusing conditions and liquid levels. Refraction at the air−liquid boundary, vaporization of the liquid, self-focusing, and optical breakdown in the liquid complicate the determination of these optimal parameters. A semiempirical method has been developed, allowing an a priori determination of the appropriate experimental setup (liquid layer over the target, focal length, and lens position) for efficient ablation. The presented work can be applied with high accuracy for tightly focused beams, whereas loosely focused ultrashort lasers should be avoided to induce effective fabrication of colloids via laser ablation in liquids.
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Recently, research has applied external magnetic, electric, and temperature fields to examine impact of light-matter interaction and achieve shape control on various types of nanocrystals.
“Recently [73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96], research has taken a further step, which involved the application of external magnetic, electric, and temperature fields to examine the impact of light–matter interaction and to achieve shape control on various types of nanocrystals.”
The correlation between maximum energy efficiency and optimum fluence also holds for laser ablation in liquids.
“Streubel et al. [44] also verified the correlation for laser ablation in liquids.”
From Nanoparticles Engineering by Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquids: Concepts and Applications (2020) · cites this paper as [44]
Nonlinear effects such as filamentation and self-focusing produce energy losses and modify beam divergence and focal spot position.
“Besides, nonlinear effects like filamentation and self-focusing not only produce energy losses but also modify the divergence of the beam and so the focal spot position.98”
From Green nanoparticle synthesis at scale: a perspective on overcoming the limits of pulsed laser ablation in liquids for high-throughput production (2023) · cites this paper as [98]
Streubel et al. did not observe a decrease in productivity at longer interpulse distances at an even shorter pulse duration.
“Streubel et al. [44] did not even observe a decrease in productivity at longer interpulse distances at an even shorter pulse duration.”
From Nanoparticles Engineering by Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquids: Concepts and Applications (2020) · cites this paper as [44]
Variation of the focal spot position alters ablation fluence if the target is not realigned and complicates reproducibility.
“This variation alters the ablation fluence if the target is not conveniently realigned and complicates the reproducibility of the experiment.98”
From Green nanoparticle synthesis at scale: a perspective on overcoming the limits of pulsed laser ablation in liquids for high-throughput production (2023) · cites this paper as [98]
Menéndez-Manjón et al. describe the productivity-limiting effect of explosive vaporization of the liquid at a critical minimum of the liquid layer height.
“The authors also describe the productivity-limiting effect of explosive vaporization of the liquid at a critical minimum of the liquid layer height.”
From Nanoparticles Engineering by Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquids: Concepts and Applications (2020) · cites this paper as [44]
Menéndez-Manjón et al. pointed out the importance of compensating the change in beam propagation induced by refraction at the air-liquid interface when changing the liquid layer height.
“Menéndez-Manjón et al. [44] further pointed out the importance of the compensation of the change in beam propagation induced by the refraction at the air-liquid interface, when changing the liquid layer height.”
From Nanoparticles Engineering by Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquids: Concepts and Applications (2020) · cites this paper as [44]
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- Authors
- Menéndez-Manjón, A., Wagener, P., & Barcikowski, S.
- Affiliations
- Laser Zentrum Hannover (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Barcikowski, Stephan
- ORCID
- Barcikowski, Stephan
- Venue
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry C
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2011-03-01
- Volume
- 115
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 5108-5114
- ISSN
- 1932-7447 (ISSN-L)
- 1932-7455
- OpenAlex
- W2322276031
- Cited by
- 97
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 3.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry C (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Laser-Ablation Synthesis of Nanoparticles
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Computational Mechanics › Laser Material Processing Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Laser-Matter Interactions and Applications
- Keywords
- femtosecond laser ablation in liquid, nanoparticle synthesis, transfer matrix method, ablation rate, self-focusing, optical breakdown, liquid vaporization, liquid film thickness, semi-empirical model
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