The DOI matches its Crossref record; 96 of the 96 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Hot Exciton Relaxation Dynamics in Semiconductor Quantum Dots: Radiationless Transitions on the Nanoscale
Abstract
The ability to confine electrons and holes in semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) in the form of excitons creates an electronic structure which is both novel and potentially useful for a variety of applications. Upon optical excitation of the dot, the initial excitonic state may be electronically hot. The relaxation dynamics of this hot exciton is the primary event which controls key processes such as optical gain, hot carrier extraction, and multiple exciton generation. Here, we describe femtosecond state-resolved pump/probe experiments on colloidal CdSe quantum dots that provide the first quantitative measure of excitonic state-to-state transition rates. The measurements and modeling here reveal that there are multiple paths by which hot electrons and hot holes relax. The immediate result is that there is no phonon bottleneck for electrons or holes for excitons in quantum dots. This absence of phonon-based relaxation is confirmed by independent measurements of weak exciton–phonon coupling between the various excitonic states of the dot and the optical and acoustic phonons. We show that the divergence of prior results can be reconciled by adopting this multichannel picture of hot exciton relaxation dynamics. This picture establishes a framework for designing materials with relaxation properties targeted for specific applications. We conclude with connection to hot exciton surface trapping. The process of surface trapping is the key step in creation of the photoproduct which can obscure measurements of optical gain, multiexciton recombination, multiple exciton generation, and single dot blinking. We show that hot exciton surface trapping can effectively compete with hot exciton relaxation, thereby obfuscating these processes.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
1 retracted
Non-blinking semiconductor nanocrystals
Wang, X., Ren, X., Kahen, K., Hahn, M. A., Rajeswaran, M., Maccagnano-Zacher, S., Silcox, J., Cragg, G. E., Efros, A. L., & Krauss, T. D. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature08072 · Cited by 612
RetractedSemiconductor Clusters, Nanocrystals, and Quantum Dots
Alivisatos, A. P. (1996) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.271.5251.933 · Cited by 11,528
Murray, C. B., Norris, D. J., & Bawendi, M. G. (1993) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja00072a025 · Cited by 9,282
Chemistry and Properties of Nanocrystals of Different Shapes
Burda, C., Chen, X., Narayanan, R., & El-Sayed, M. A. (2005) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr030063a · Cited by 7,230
Brus, L. E. (1984) · The Journal of Chemical Physics · doi:10.1063/1.447218 · Cited by 5,046
Hybrid Nanorod-Polymer Solar Cells
Huynh, W. U., Dittmer, J. J., & Alivisatos, A. P. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1069156 · Cited by 5,014
Principles of Nonlinear Optical Spectroscopy
Mukamel, S. (1995) · Cited by 4,640
Perspectives on the Physical Chemistry of Semiconductor Nanocrystals
Alivisatos, A. P. (1996) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jp9535506 · Cited by 3,595
Optical Gain and Stimulated Emission in Nanocrystal Quantum Dots
Klimov, V. I., Mikhailovsky, A. A., Xu, S., Malko, A., Hollingsworth, J. A., Leatherdale, C. A., Eisler, H.-J., & Bawendi, M. G. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.290.5490.314 · Cited by 2,825
The energy gap law for radiationless transitions in large molecules
Englman, R., & Jortner, J. (1970) · Molecular Physics · doi:10.1080/00268977000100171 · Cited by 2,778
Nozik, A. J. (2002) · Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures · doi:10.1016/s1386-9477(02)00374-0 · Cited by 2,653
Quantum Dot Solar Cells. Semiconductor Nanocrystals as Light Harvesters
Kamat, P. V. (2008) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry C · doi:10.1021/jp806791s · Cited by 2,523
Meeting the Clean Energy Demand: Nanostructure Architectures for Solar Energy Conversion
Kamat, P. V. (2007) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry C · doi:10.1021/jp066952u · Cited by 2,249
Brus, L. E. (1983) · The Journal of Chemical Physics · doi:10.1063/1.445676 · Cited by 1,793
Highly Efficient Multiple Exciton Generation in Colloidal PbSe and PbS Quantum Dots
Ellingson, R. J., Beard, M. C., Johnson, J. C., Yu, P., Micic, O. I., Nozik, A. J., Shabaev, A., & Efros, A. L. (2005) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl0502672 · Cited by 1,669
Quantization of Multiparticle Auger Rates in Semiconductor Quantum Dots
Klimov, V. I., Mikhailovsky, A. A., McBranch, D. W., Leatherdale, C. A., & Bawendi, M. G. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.287.5455.1011 · Cited by 1,521
Efros, A. L., Rosen, M., Kuno, M., Nirmal, M., Norris, D. J., & Bawendi, M. (1996) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.54.4843 · Cited by 1,399
Nozik, A. J., Beard, M. C., Luther, J. M., Law, M., Ellingson, R. J., & Johnson, J. C. (2010) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr900289f · Cited by 1,278
Intramolecular Radiationless Transitions
Bixon, M., & Jortner, J. (1968) · The Journal of Chemical Physics · doi:10.1063/1.1668703 · Cited by 1,215
Lead Salt Quantum Dots: the Limit of Strong Quantum Confinement
Wise, F. W. (2000) · Accounts of Chemical Research · doi:10.1021/ar970220q · Cited by 1,182
Measurement and assignment of the size-dependent optical spectrum in CdSe quantum dots
Norris, D. J., & Bawendi, M. G. (1996) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.53.16338 · Cited by 1,135
Gain and the threshold of three-dimensional quantum-box lasers
Asada, M., Miyamoto, Y., & Suematsu, Y. (1986) · IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics · doi:10.1109/jqe.1986.1073149 · Cited by 1,134
Theory of the linear and nonlinear optical properties of semiconductor microcrystallites
Schmitt-Rink, S., Miller, D. A. B., & Chemla, D. S. (1987) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.35.8113 · Cited by 1,080
Optical Nonlinearities and Ultrafast Carrier Dynamics in Semiconductor Nanocrystals
Klimov, V. I. (2000) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry B · doi:10.1021/jp9944132 · Cited by 1,036
Phonon scattering and energy relaxation in two-, one-, and zero-dimensional electron gases
Bockelmann, U., & Bastard, G. (1990) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.42.8947 · Cited by 1,025
Spectral and Dynamical Properties of Multiexcitons in Semiconductor Nanocrystals
Klimov, V. I. (2007) · Annual Review of Physical Chemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev.physchem.58.032806.104537 · Cited by 1,021
Quantum-Confined Stark Effect in Single CdSe Nanocrystallite Quantum Dots
Empedocles, S. A., & Bawendi, M. G. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.278.5346.2114 · Cited by 990
The Electronic Structure of Semiconductor Nanocrystals
Efros, A. L., & Rosen, M. (2000) · Annual Review of Materials Science · doi:10.1146/annurev.matsci.30.1.475 · Cited by 965
Intrinsic mechanism for the poor luminescence properties of quantum-box systems
Benisty, H., Sotomayor-Torrès, C. M., & Weisbuch, C. (1991) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.44.10945 · Cited by 914
El-Sayed, M. A. (2004) · Accounts of Chemical Research · doi:10.1021/ar020204f · Cited by 903
Random Telegraph Signal in the Photoluminescence Intensity of a Single Quantum Dot
Efros, A. L., & Rosen, M. (1997) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.78.1110 · Cited by 824
Ekimov, A. I., Kudryavtsev, I. A., Efros, A. L., Yazeva, T. V., Hache, F., Schanne-Klein, M. C., Rodina, A. V., Ricard, D., & Flytzanis, C. (1993) · Journal of the Optical Society of America B · doi:10.1364/josab.10.000100 · Cited by 811
Nozik, A. J. (2001) · Annual Review of Physical Chemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev.physchem.52.1.193 · Cited by 767
Photoluminescence Spectroscopy of Single CdSe Nanocrystallite Quantum Dots
Empedocles, S. A., Norris, D. J., & Bawendi, M. G. (1996) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.77.3873 · Cited by 745
Nonexponential “blinking” kinetics of single CdSe quantum dots: A universal power law behavior
Kuno, M., Fromm, D. P., Hamann, H. F., Gallagher, A., & Nesbitt, D. J. (2000) · The Journal of Chemical Physics · doi:10.1063/1.480896 · Cited by 727
Electron and hole relaxation pathways in semiconductor quantum dots
Klimov, V. I., McBranch, D. W., Leatherdale, C. A., & Bawendi, M. G. (1999) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.60.13740 · Cited by 686
Multiple exciton generation in semiconductor quantum dots
Nozik, A. J. (2008) · Chemical Physics Letters · doi:10.1016/j.cplett.2008.03.094 · Cited by 660
“On”/“off” fluorescence intermittency of single semiconductor quantum dots
Kuno, M., Fromm, D. P., Hamann, H. F., Gallagher, A., & Nesbitt, D. J. (2001) · The Journal of Chemical Physics · doi:10.1063/1.1377883 · Cited by 558
Size dependence of exciton fine structure in CdSe quantum dots
Norris, D. J., Efros, A. L., Rosen, M., & Bawendi, M. G. (1996) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.53.16347 · Cited by 545
Universal emission intermittency in quantum dots, nanorods and nanowires
Frantsuzov, P., Kuno, M., Jankó, B., & Marcus, R. A. (2008) · Nature Physics · doi:10.1038/nphys1001 · Cited by 519
Klimov, V. I. (2006) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry B · doi:10.1021/jp0615959 · Cited by 515
Femtosecond1P-to-1SElectron Relaxation in Strongly Confined Semiconductor Nanocrystals
Klimov, V. I., & McBranch, D. W. (1998) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.80.4028 · Cited by 503
Nonradiative electronic relaxation under collision-free conditions
Avouris, P., Gelbart, W. M., & El-Sayed, M. A. (1977) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr60310a002 · Cited by 491
Gur, I., Fromer, N. A., Chen, C.-P., Kanaras, A. G., & Alivisatos, A. P. (2007) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl062660t · Cited by 451
New Aspects of Carrier Multiplication in Semiconductor Nanocrystals
McGuire, J. A., Joo, J. S., Pietryga, J. M., Schaller, R. D., & Klimov, V. I. (2008) · Accounts of Chemical Research · doi:10.1021/ar800112v · Cited by 432
Breaking the phonon bottleneck in nanometer quantum dots: Role of Auger-like processes
Efros, A. L., Kharchenko, V. A., & Rosen, M. (1995) · Solid State Communications · doi:10.1016/0038-1098(94)00760-8 · Cited by 421
Radiationless Transitions in Photochemistry
Jortner, J., Rice, S. A., & Hochstrasser, R. M. (1969) · Advances in Photochemistry · doi:10.1002/9780470133378.ch3 · Cited by 418
Nanoscience and Nanostructures for Photovoltaics and Solar Fuels
Nozik, A. J. (2010) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl102122x · Cited by 400
Intraband relaxation in CdSe quantum dots
Guyot-Sionnest, P., Shim, M., Matranga, C., & Hines, M. (1999) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.60.r2181 · Cited by 393
Schwartz, B. J., Bittner, E. R., Prezhdo, O. V., & Rossky, P. J. (1996) · The Journal of Chemical Physics · doi:10.1063/1.471326 · Cited by 388
Observation of Phonon Bottleneck in Quantum Dot Electronic Relaxation
Urayama, J., Norris, T. B., Singh, J., & Bhattacharya, P. (2001) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.86.4930 · Cited by 371
Intraband relaxation in CdSe nanocrystals and the strong influence of the surface ligands
Guyot‐Sionnest, P., Wehrenberg, B. L., & Yu, D. (2005) · The Journal of Chemical Physics · doi:10.1063/1.2004818 · Cited by 368
Permanent dipole moment and charges in colloidal semiconductor quantum dots
Shim, M., & Guyot-Sionnest, P. (1999) · The Journal of Chemical Physics · doi:10.1063/1.479988 · Cited by 367
Nozik, A. J. (2005) · Inorganic Chemistry · doi:10.1021/ic0508425 · Cited by 321
Photoluminescence from Single Semiconductor Nanostructures
Empedocles, S. A., Neuhauser, R., Shimizu, K., & Bawendi, M. G. (1999) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/(sici)1521-4095(199910)11:15<1243::aid-adma1243>3.0.co;2-2 · Cited by 320
Schaller, R. D., Pietryga, J. M., & Klimov, V. I. (2007) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl072046x · Cited by 299
Modeling distributed kinetics in isolated semiconductor quantum dots
Kuno, M., Fromm, D. P., Johnson, S. T., Gallagher, A., & Nesbitt, D. J. (2003) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.67.125304 · Cited by 287
Sykora, M., Koposov, A. Y., McGuire, J. A., Schulze, R. K., Tretiak, O., Pietryga, J. M., & Klimov, V. I. (2010) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/nn100131w · Cited by 271
Klimov, V. I., Mikhailovsky, A. A., McBranch, D. W., Leatherdale, C. A., & Bawendi, M. G. (2000) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.61.r13349 · Cited by 270
Kilina, S. V., Kilin, D. S., & Prezhdo, O. V. (2009) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/nn800674n · Cited by 258
Resonance Raman studies of the ground and lowest electronic excited state in CdS nanocrystals
Shiang, J. J., Risbud, S. H., & Alivisatos, A. P. (1993) · The Journal of Chemical Physics · doi:10.1063/1.464501 · Cited by 248
Coherent Acoustic Phonons in a Semiconductor Quantum Dot
Krauss, T. D., & Wise, F. W. (1997) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.79.5102 · Cited by 241
Burda, C., Link, S., Mohamed, M., & El-Sayed, M. (2001) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry B · doi:10.1021/jp0124589 · Cited by 230
Spectroscopy of Single CdSe Nanocrystallites
Empedocles, S., & Bawendi, M. (1999) · Accounts of Chemical Research · doi:10.1021/ar9501939 · Cited by 228
Burda, C., Green, T. C., Link, S., et al. (1999) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry B · doi:10.1021/jp9843050 · Cited by 221
Direct Observation of Electron-to-Hole Energy Transfer in CdSe Quantum Dots
Hendry, E., Koeberg, M., Wang, F., Zhang, H., de Mello Donegá, C., Vanmaekelbergh, D., & Bonn, M. (2006) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.96.057408 · Cited by 217
State-resolved studies of biexcitons and surface trapping dynamics in semiconductor quantum dots
Sewall, S. L., Cooney, R. R., Anderson, K. E. H., Dias, E. A., Sagar, D. M., & Kambhampati, P. (2008) · The Journal of Chemical Physics · doi:10.1063/1.2971181 · Cited by 209
Self-citationPhotoluminescence of CdSe Nanoparticles in the Presence of a Hole Acceptor: n-Butylamine
Landes, C., Burda, C., Braun, M., & El-Sayed, M. A. (2001) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry B · doi:10.1021/jp0041050 · Cited by 204
Sagar, D. M., Cooney, R. R., Sewall, S. L., Dias, E. A., Barsan, M. M., Butler, I. S., & Kambhampati, P. (2008) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.77.235321 · Cited by 196
Self-citationCarrier Multiplication and Its Reduction by Photodoping in Colloidal InAs Quantum Dots
Pijpers, J. J. H., Hendry, E., Milder, M. T. W., Fanciulli, R., Savolainen, J., Herek, J. L., Vanmaekelbergh, D., Ruhman, S., Mocatta, D., Oron, D., et al. (2007) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry C · doi:10.1021/jp066709v · Cited by 195
Unified picture of electron and hole relaxation pathways in semiconductor quantum dots
Cooney, R. R., Sewall, S. L., Dias, E. A., Sagar, D. M., Anderson, K. E. H., & Kambhampati, P. (2007) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.75.245311 · Cited by 194
Self-citationElectron—phonon interactions in semiconductor nanocrystals
Takagahara, T. (1996) · Journal of Luminescence · doi:10.1016/0022-2313(96)00050-6 · Cited by 185
State-to-state exciton dynamics in semiconductor quantum dots
Sewall, S. L., Cooney, R. R., Anderson, K. E. H., Dias, E. A., & Kambhampati, P. (2006) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.74.235328 · Cited by 183
Self-citationBlanton, S. A., Leheny, R. L., Hines, M. A., & Guyot‐Sionnest, P. (1997) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.79.865 · Cited by 171
Detailed Investigation of the Femtosecond Pump−Probe Spectroscopy of the Hydrated Electron
Yokoyama, K., Silva, C., Son, D. H., Walhout, P. K., & Barbara, P. F. (1998) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry A · doi:10.1021/jp981809p · Cited by 150
Optical properties of single semiconductor nanocrystals
Gómez, D. E., Califano, M., & Mulvaney, P. A. (2006) · Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics · doi:10.1039/b607661k · Cited by 141
Radiationless transitions in molecules
Freed, K. F. (1978) · Accounts of Chemical Research · doi:10.1021/ar50122a004 · Cited by 135
Exciton-phonon coupling and disorder in the excited states of CdSe colloidal quantum dots
Salvador, M. R., Graham, M. W., & Scholes, G. D. (2006) · The Journal of Chemical Physics · doi:10.1063/1.2363190 · Cited by 132
Gain Control in Semiconductor Quantum Dots via State-Resolved Optical Pumping
Cooney, R. R., Sewall, S. L., Sagar, D. M., & Kambhampati, P. (2009) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.102.127404 · Cited by 125
Self-citationRadiationless transitions in a new light
Heller, E. J., & Brown, R. C. (1983) · The Journal of Chemical Physics · doi:10.1063/1.446235 · Cited by 108
Interplay between Optical Gain and Photoinduced Absorption in CdSe Nanocrystals
Malko, A. V., Mikhailovsky, A. A., Petruska, M. A., Hollingsworth, J. A., & Klimov, V. I. (2004) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry B · doi:10.1021/jp037699q · Cited by 105
McGuire, J. A., Sýkora, M., Robel, I., Junior, L. A. P., Joo, J. S., Pietryga, J. M., & Klimov, V. I. (2010) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/nn1016296 · Cited by 99
Prezhdo, O. V. (2008) · Chemical Physics Letters · doi:10.1016/j.cplett.2008.03.099 · Cited by 97
Anomalous Stokes shift in CdSe nanocrystals
Liptay, T. J., Marshall, L. F., Rao, P. S., Ram, R. J., & Bawendi, M. G. (2007) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.76.155314 · Cited by 92
Burda, C., Link, S., Green, T. C., et al. (1999) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry B · doi:10.1021/jp991503y · Cited by 90
Solvent Mode Participation in the Nonradiative Relaxation of the Hydrated Electron
Prezhdo, O. V., & Rossky, P. J. (1996) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jp9611232 · Cited by 84
Salvador, M. R., Hines, M. A., & Scholes, G. D. (2003) · The Journal of Chemical Physics · doi:10.1063/1.1568733 · Cited by 83
Burda, C., Link, S., Mohamed, M. B., et al. (2002) · The Journal of Chemical Physics · doi:10.1063/1.1446851 · Cited by 76
Cooney, R. R., Sewall, S. L., Sagar, D. M., & Kambhampati, P. (2009) · The Journal of Chemical Physics · doi:10.1063/1.3254199 · Cited by 72
Self-citationNonequilibrium dynamics of hot carriers and hot phonons in CdSe and GaAs
Prabhu, S. S., Vengurlekar, A. S., Roy, S., et al. (1995) · Physical review. B, Condensed matter · doi:10.1103/physrevb.51.14233 · Cited by 72
Excited-state relaxation in PbSe quantum dots
An, J. M., Califano, M., Franceschetti, A., & Zunger, A. (2008) · The Journal of Chemical Physics · doi:10.1063/1.2901022 · Cited by 50
On the Farsightedness (hyperopia) of the Standard k � p Model
Zunger, A. (2002) · physica status solidi (a) · Cited by 48
Cordones, A. A., Bixby, T. J., & Leone, S. R. (2011) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry C · doi:10.1021/jp2001223 · Cited by 47
Single Dot Spectroscopy of Two-Color Quantum Dot/Quantum Shell Nanostructures
Dias, E. A., Grimes, A. F., English, D. S., et al. (2008) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry C · doi:10.1021/jp806621q · Cited by 38
Franck—Condon Factors for Radiationless Transitions
Siebrand, W. (1971) · The Journal of Chemical Physics · doi:10.1063/1.1675770 · Cited by 29
Colloidal and Self-Assembled Quantum Dots for Optical Gain
Kambhampati, P., Mi, Z., & Cooney, R. R. (2010) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-374396-1.00038-6 · Cited by 10
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Kambhampati, P.
- Venue
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry C
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2011-10-11
- Volume
- 115
- Issue
- 45
- Pages
- 22089-22109
- ISSN
- 1932-7447 (ISSN-L)
- 1932-7455
- OpenAlex
- W2058183911
- Cited by
- 391
- References
- 96
- FWCI
- 14.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.