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Cited by 689Liquid Crystal Research AdvancementsAdvanced Materials and MechanicsDielectric materials and actuators

Liquid crystal elastomers with mechanical properties of a muscle

Thomsen, Donald L., Keller, Patrick, Naciri, Jawad, Pink, Roger, Jeon, Hong, Shenoy, Devanand, Ratna, Banahalli R.·2001·Macromolecules
DOI 10.1021/ma001639q
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Abstract

Free-standing anisotropic side chain liquid crystalline elastomer films have been prepared using mesogens with laterally affixed polymerizable side chains. We present data on two networks: one containing the monomer of 4‘-acryloyloxybutyl 2,5-(4‘-butyloxybenzoyloxy)benzoate and another from a 50/50 mol % mixture of the above with 4‘-acryloyloxybutyl 2,5-di(4‘-pentylcyclohexyloyloxy)benzoate. The cross-linking was achieved using 10 mol % of 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate. The calculated cross-linking density, as determined from the Young's modulus, was in the 10 -5 mol/cm 3 range. Thermoelastic responses show strain changes through the nematic−isotropic phase transition to be 30−45%. The order parameters of the oriented films were determined from the dichroic ratio of IR absorption at 3343 cm -1 to the in-plane aromatic stretching overtone of the LC mesogen core. The variation of the order parameter with temperature scales similar to the strain changes at constant stress. Isostrain studies, conducted through the nematic to isotropic phase transition, show that the two networks behave as true elastomers with significant differences in the force developed. Dynamic shear measurements near the nematic to isotropic phase transition region show that the mechanical relaxation peak appears above 100 Hz, and that viscoelastic relaxations are minimal in the nematic to isotropic phase transition region below 5−10 Hz.

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  • Permanent systems such as crosslinked semi-crystalline polymers, nematic liquid-crystalline elastomers, and glass-forming polydomain nematic networks open the door to the design of polymeric actuators.

    “It has been reported that permanent systems, such as crosslinked semi-crystalline polymers [84-86], nematic liquid-crystalline elastomers [87], and glass-forming polydomain nematic networks [88], open the door to the design of polymeric actuators.”

    From Shape-memory polymers for multiple applications in the materials world (2016) · cites this paper as [87]

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Authors
Thomsen, D. L., Keller, P., Naciri, J., Pink, R., Jeon, H., Shenoy, D., & Ratna, B. R.
Affiliations
United States Naval Research Laboratory (US)
ORCID
Venue
Macromolecules
Publisher
American Chemical Society (ACS)
Published
2001-07-13
Volume
34
Issue
17
Pages
5868-5875
ISSN
  • 0024-9297 (ISSN-L)
  • 1520-5835
DOI
10.1021/ma001639q
OpenAlex
W1990633676
Cited by
689
References
29
Citations by year
2026: 12 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 38 · 2022: 45 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 44 · 2019: 37 · 2018: 42 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 36 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 39 · 2012: 33
FWCI
7.98
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
Macromolecules (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials › Liquid Crystal Research Advancements
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Advanced Materials and Mechanics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Dielectric materials and actuators
Keywords
nematic-isotropic transition, thermoelastic response, crosslink density, order parameter, dichroism, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, viscoelastic relaxation, mechanical properties, muscle-like actuation, free-standing films

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