Combined one-way and two-way shape memory in a glass-forming nematic network
Abstract
Past research in the field of shape memory polymers has led to significant advancements in the areas of so-called one-way and two-way (reversible) shape memory. While one-way shape memory polymers allow indefinite fixing of a temporary shape until triggered thermally to recover to an equilibrium shape, two-way shape memory polymers feature muscle-like contraction on heating and expansion on cooling under tensile load, the latter anomalous elongation occurring due to an ordering transition. Previously, reversible actuation has been reported for liquid crystalline elastomers featuring a monodomain (uniformly aligned) structure, suggesting that such alignment is required for actuation. In this work, we have prepared a glass-forming polydomain nematic network that combines reversible actuation associated with a polydomain−monodomain transition with lower temperature one-way shape memory centered at T g . To test separability of these phenomena, distinct deformations were achieved and temporarily fixed by (1) cooling through the isotropic−nematic transition under tensile load, (2) further bending the sample isothermally above T g, and (3) cooling below T g . Subsequent heating led to complete and sequential recovery of the same deformations in reverse order. Applications in multistage deployment of structures are envisioned.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Generally, the 2W shape-memory phenomenon occurs on both heating and cooling steps in the presence or absence of external stress.
“Generally, the 2W shape-memory phenomenon occurs on both heating and cooling step in the presence or absence of external stress [88].”
From Shape-memory polymers for multiple applications in the materials world (2016) · cites this paper as [88]
Reversible chain conformations were responsible for 2W actuation.
“It was found that reversible chain conformations were responsible for this kind of actuation.”
From Shape-memory polymers for multiple applications in the materials world (2016) · cites this paper as [88]
Permanent systems such as crosslinked semi-crystalline polymers, nematic liquid-crystalline elastomers, and glass-forming polydomain nematic networks open the door to the design of polymeric actuators.
“It has been reported that permanent systems, such as crosslinked semi-crystalline polymers [84-86], nematic liquid-crystalline elastomers [87], and glass-forming polydomain nematic networks [88], open the door to the design of polymeric actuators.”
From Shape-memory polymers for multiple applications in the materials world (2016) · cites this paper as [88]
Cites
Rubinstein, M., & Colby, R. H. (2003) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198520597.001.0001 · Cited by 5,686 · see citing works
The Structure and Rheology of Complex Fluids
Larson, R. G. (1998) · Cited by 3,198 · see citing works
Lendlein, A., Kelch, S., Kratz, K., Schulte, J., & Schauer, S. (2002) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/0471238961.1908011612051404.a01 · Cited by 2,616 · see citing works
Review of progress in shape-memory polymers
Liu, C., Qin, H., & Mather, P. T. (2007) · Journal of Materials Chemistry · doi:10.1039/b615954k · Cited by 1,942 · see citing works
Self-citationWarner, M., & Terentjev, E. M. (2003) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198527671.001.0001 · Cited by 1,117 · see citing works
Recent advances in shape memory polymers and composites: a review
Ratna, D., & Karger-Kocsis, J. (2008) · Journal of Materials Science · doi:10.1007/s10853-007-2176-7 · Cited by 942 · see citing works
Liquid crystal elastomers with mechanical properties of a muscle
Thomsen, D. L., Keller, P., Naciri, J., Pink, R., Jeon, H., Shenoy, D., & Ratna, B. R. (2001) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/ma001639q · Cited by 689 · see citing works
Stimuli‐Responsive Polymeric Systems for Biomedical Applications
Mano, J. F. (2008) · Advanced Engineering Materials · doi:10.1002/adem.200700355 · Cited by 667 · see citing works
Two-Way Reversible Shape Memory in a Semicrystalline Network
Chung, T., Romo-Uribe, A., & Mather, P. T. (2008) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/ma071517z · Cited by 531 · see citing works
Self-citationPolymeric triple-shape materials
Bellin, I., Kelch, S., Langer, R., & Lendlein, A. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0608586103 · Cited by 481 · see citing works
Küupfer, J., & Finkelmann, H. (1994) · Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics · doi:10.1002/macp.1994.021950419 · Cited by 348 · see citing works
Shape Memory Effect Exhibited by Smectic-C Liquid Crystalline Elastomers
Rousseau, I. A., & Mather, P. T. (2003) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja039001s · Cited by 290 · see citing works
Self-citationStrain‐induced director reorientation in nematic liquid single crystal elastomers
Kundler, I., & Finkelmann, H. (1995) · Macromolecular Rapid Communications · doi:10.1002/marc.1995.030160908 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Warner, M., Gelling, K. P., & Vilgis, T. A. (1988) · The Journal of Chemical Physics · doi:10.1063/1.453852 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Gunes, I. S., & Jana, S. C. (2008) · Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology · doi:10.1166/jnn.2008.038 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Terentjev, E. M. (1999) · Journal of Physics Condensed Matter · doi:10.1088/0953-8984/11/24/201 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Bellin, I., Kelch, S., & Lendlein, A. (2007) · Journal of Materials Chemistry · doi:10.1039/b702524f · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Soft elasticity and mechanical damping in liquid crystalline elastomers
Clarke, S. M., Tajbakhsh, A. R., Terentjev, E. M., et al. (2001) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/1.1368177 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Gunes, I. S., & Jana, S. C. (2008) · Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology · doi:10.1166/jnn.2008.18227 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Mather, P. T., Jeon, H. G., Han, C. D., et al. (2000) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/ma000765r · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citationTailored Phase Transitions via Mixed-Mesogen Liquid Crystalline Polymers with Silicon-Based Spacers
Rousseau, I. A., Qin, H., & Mather, P. T. (2005) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/ma048327y · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citationQin, H., Chakulski, B. J., Rousseau, I. A., et al. (2004) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/ma0497456 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Zhao, Q., Qi, H. J., & Xie, T. (2015) · Progress in Polymer Science · doi:10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2015.04.001 · Cited by 1,409 · see citing works
A review of stimuli-responsive shape memory polymer composites
Meng, H., & Li, G. (2013) · Polymer · doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2013.02.023 · Cited by 1,190 · see citing works
Stimulus-responsive shape memory materials: a review
Sun, L., Huang, W. M., Ding, Z., Zhao, Y., Wang, C. C., Purnawali, H., & Tang, C. (2012) · Materials & Design · doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2011.04.065 · Cited by 1,105 · see citing works
Multifunctional Shape‐Memory Polymers
Behl, M., Razzaq, M. Y., & Lendlein, A. (2010) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.200904447 · Cited by 971 · see citing works
Huang, W. M., Ding, Z., Wang, C. C., Wei, J., Zhao, Y., & Purnawali, H. (2010) · Materials Today · doi:10.1016/s1369-7021(10)70128-0 · Cited by 747 · see citing works
A review of stimuli-responsive polymers for smart textile applications
Hu, J., Meng, H., Li, G., & Ibekwe, S. I. (2012) · Smart Materials and Structures · doi:10.1088/0964-1726/21/5/053001 · Cited by 639 · see citing works
Thermally-induced two-way shape memory polymers: Mechanisms, structures, and applications
Zare, M., Prabhakaran, M. P., Parvin, N., & Ramakrishna, S. (2019) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2019.05.167 · Cited by 330 · see citing works
Shape-memory polymers for multiple applications in the materials world
Pilate, F., Toncheva, A., Dubois, P., & Raquez, J.-M. (2016) · European Polymer Journal · doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.05.004 · Cited by 332 · see citing works
Triple‐Shape Polymeric Composites (TSPCs)
Luo, X., & Mather, P. T. (2010) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.201000052 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Self-citationVarious shape memory effects of stimuli-responsive shape memory polymers
Meng, H., Mohamadian, H., Stubblefield, M., Jerro, D., Ibekwe, S., Pang, S.-S., & Li, G. (2013) · Smart Materials and Structures · doi:10.1088/0964-1726/22/9/093001 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
Zotzmann, J., Behl, M., Hofmann, D., & Lendlein, A. (2010) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.200904202 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Shapeshifting: Reversible shape memory in semicrystalline elastomers
Zhou, J., Turner, S. A., Brosnan, S. M., Li, Q., Carrillo, J.-M. Y., Nykypanchuk, D., Gang, O., Ashby, V. S., Dobrynin, A. V., & Sheiko, S. S. (2014) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/ma4023185 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Multiple and two-way reversible shape memory polymers: Design strategies and applications
Wang, K., Jia, Y.-G., Zhao, C., & Zhu, X. X. (2019) · Progress in Materials Science · doi:10.1016/j.pmatsci.2019.100572 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Two-Way and Multiple-Way Shape Memory Polymers for Soft Robotics: An Overview
Scalet, G. (2020) · Actuators · doi:10.3390/act9010010 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Two-way reversible shape memory behaviour of crosslinked poly(ε-caprolactone)
Pandini, S., Passera, S., Messori, M., Paderni, K., Toselli, M., Gianoncelli, A., Bontempi, E., & Riccò, T. (2012) · Polymer · doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2012.02.053 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Temperature‐Memory Polymer Networks with Crystallizable Controlling Units
Kratz, K., Madbouly, S. A., Wagermaier, W., & Lendlein, A. (2011) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201102225 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Review on the Functional Determinants and Durability of Shape Memory Polymers
Pretsch, T. (2010) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym2030120 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Wang, K., Jia, Y.-G., & Zhu, X. X. (2017) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01815 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Raquez, J., Vanderstappen, S., Meyer, F., Verge, P., Alexandre, M., Thomassin, J., Jérôme, C., & Dubois, P. (2011) · Chemistry – A European Journal · doi:10.1002/chem.201100496 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Li, J., Liu, T., Xia, S., Pan, Y., Zheng, Z., Ding, X., & Peng, Y. (2011) · Journal of Materials Chemistry · doi:10.1039/c1jm12496j · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Pandini, S., Baldi, F., Paderni, K., Messori, M., Toselli, M., Pilati, F., Gianoncelli, A., Brisotto, M., Bontempi, E., & Riccò, T. (2013) · Polymer · doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2013.06.016 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
A tough shape memory polymer with triple shape memory and two-way shape memory properties
Bai, Y., Zhang, X., Wang, Q., & Wang, T. (2014) · Journal of Materials Chemistry A · doi:10.1039/c3ta15117d · Cited by 115 · see citing works
A functionally graded shape memory polymer
DiOrio, A. M., Luo, X., Lee, K. M., & Mather, P. T. (2011) · Soft Matter · doi:10.1039/c0sm00487a · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Self-citationTriple-shape properties of a thermoresponsive poly(ester urethane)
Pretsch, T. (2010) · Smart Materials and Structures · doi:10.1088/0964-1726/19/1/015006 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Lu, L., & Li, G. (2016) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.6b04105 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
3D printing of tunable shape memory polymer blends
Chen, S., Zhang, Q., & Feng, J. (2017) · Journal of Materials Chemistry C · doi:10.1039/c7tc02534c · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Nanotube fibers for electromechanical and shape memory actuators
Viry, L., Mercader, C., Miaudet, P., Zakri, C., Derré, A., Kuhn, A., Maugey, M., & Poulin, P. (2010) · Journal of Materials Chemistry · doi:10.1039/b924430a · Cited by 70 · see citing works
‘Two way’ shape memory composites based on electroactive polymer and thermoplastic membrane
Yao, Y., Zhou, T., Wang, J., Li, Z., Lu, H., Liu, Y., & Leng, J. (2016) · Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing · doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2016.08.019 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Fan, L. F., Rong, M. Z., Zhang, M. Q., & Chen, X. D. (2017) · Macromolecular Rapid Communications · doi:10.1002/marc.201700124 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Li, J., Liu, T., Pan, Y., Xia, S., Zheng, Z., Ding, X., & Peng, Y. (2012) · Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics · doi:10.1002/macp.201200231 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Eryildiz, M., Karakus, A., Demirci, M., Altintas Kadirhan, O., & Eksi Altan, M. (2025) · Polymers for Advanced Technologies · doi:10.1002/pat.70133 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
- Authors
- Qin, H., & Mather, P. T.
- Affiliations
- Case Western Reserve University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Mather, Patrick T.
- ORCID
- Mather, Patrick T.
- Venue
- Macromolecules
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2008-12-08
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 273-280
- ISSN
- 0024-9297 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5835
- OpenAlex
- W2107061613
- Cited by
- 179
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 24.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Macromolecules (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Advanced Materials and Mechanics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Polymer composites and self-healing
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials › Liquid Crystal Research Advancements
- Keywords
- shape memory polymers, two-way shape memory, nematic-isotropic transition, reversible actuation, bending actuation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
