One-Way Multishape-Memory Effect and Tunable Two-Way Shape Memory Effect of Ionomer Poly(ethylene-co-methacrylic acid)
Abstract
Reversible elongation by cooling and contraction by heating, without the need for repeated programming, is well-known as the two-way shape-memory effect (2W-SME). This behavior is contrary to the common physics-contraction when cooling and expansion when heating. Materials with such behavior may find many applications in real life, such as self-sufficient grippers, fastening devices, optical gratings, soft actuators, and sealant. Here, it is shown that ionomer Surlyn 8940, a 50-year old polymer, exhibits both one-way multishape-memory effects and tunable two-way reversible actuation. The required external tensile stress to trigger the tunable 2W-SME is very low when randomly jumping the temperatures within the melting transition window. With a proper one-time programming, "true" 2W-SME (i.e., 2W-SME without the need for an external tensile load) is also achieved. A long training process is not needed to trigger the tunable 2W-SME. Instead, a proper one-time tensile programming is sufficient to trigger repeated and tunable 2W-SME. Because the 2W-SME of the ionomer Surlyn is driven by the thermally reversible network, here crystallization and melting transitions of the semicrystalline poly(ethylene-co-methacrylic acid), it is believed that a class of thermally reversible polymers should also exhibit tunable 2W-SMEs.
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Some thermoplastic polymers have been shown to feature the two-way SME under stress-free condition.
“However, some thermoplastic polymers, i.e., class (iii), have been shown to feature the two-way SME under stress-free condition [142-146].”
From Two-Way and Multiple-Way Shape Memory Polymers for Soft Robotics: An Overview (2020) · cites this paper as [144]
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- Authors
- Lu, L., & Li, G.
- Affiliations
- Louisiana State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Li, Guoqiang
- ORCID
- Venue
- ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2016-06-02
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 23
- Pages
- 14812-14823
- ISSN
- 1944-8244 (ISSN-L)
- 1944-8252
- OpenAlex
- W2397945711
- Cited by
- 102
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 9.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Civil War Book Review (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Army Research Office (W911NF-13-1-0145)
- Division of Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing Innovation (CMMI-1333997)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Advanced Materials and Mechanics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Polymer composites and self-healing
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Polymer crystallization and properties
- Keywords
- two-way shape memory effect, ionomers, poly(ethylene-co-methacrylic acid), semicrystalline polymers, soft actuators, shape memory polymers
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