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Peritraumatic dissociative experiences, trauma narratives, and trauma pathology
Abstract
Peritraumatic dissociation, i.e., dissociation during or immediately after a traumatic event, has been associated with persistence of trauma-related pathology. Peritraumatic dissociation may interfere with encoding of traumatic memories and this style may impede recovery. This study examines this hypothesis by analyzing trauma narratives from 28 female sexual and nonsexual assault victims who reported either high or low peritraumatic dissociation. Participants were asked to recount their assault. Narratives were videotaped, transcribed, and coded. Narratives of individuals with high peritraumatic dissociation had higher grade levels and a trend toward lower reading ease than those with low peritraumatic dissociation. Both higher grade levels and lower reading ease of prethreat sections of trauma narratives were related to posttreatment reexperiencing and anxiety symptoms.
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In Zoellner et al. (2002), narratives of women with high peritraumatic dissociation had more sensory components and lower reading ease than those with low peritraumatic dissociation, but also higher-grade levels and more negative emotions.
“Using both subjective and objective coding, narratives of individuals with high peritraumatic dissociation had more sensory components and lower reading ease than those low in peritraumatic dissociation; however, inconsistent with fragmentation, individuals with high peritraumatic dissociation recounted narratives with higher-grade levels and more negative emotions.”
From Dissociation and memory fragmentation in post-traumatic stress disorder: An evaluation of the dissociative encoding hypothesis (2012) · cites this paper as Zoellner et al., 2002
Peritraumatic dissociation was not consistently related to coded fragmentation, and the mixed pattern of results is inconclusive.
“Although the authors suggest a possible link between peritraumatic dissociation and coded fragmentation, peritraumatic dissociation was not consistently related to coded fragmentation and the mixed pattern of results is inconclusive.”
From Dissociation and memory fragmentation in post-traumatic stress disorder: An evaluation of the dissociative encoding hypothesis (2012) · cites this paper as Zoellner et al., 2002
Zoellner and colleagues (2002) found that increased distress during narrative recall was associated with increased fragmentation.
“Consistent with this, Zoellner and colleagues (2002) found increased distress during narrative recall to be associated with increased fragmentation.”
From Dissociation and memory fragmentation in post-traumatic stress disorder: An evaluation of the dissociative encoding hypothesis (2012) · cites this paper as Zoellner et al., 2002
Lower readability scores, suggesting simpler language and less complex narrative structures, are associated with more severe, chronic PTSD symptoms.
“Lower readability scores, suggesting simpler language and less complex narrative structures, are associated with more severe, chronic PTSD symptoms.37,38,82”
From Linguistic markers for identifying post-traumatic stress disorder and associated symptoms: a systematic literature review (2025) · cites this paper as [82]
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“…objective fragmentation (Buck, Kindt, & Van den Hout, 2006; Jones et al., 2007; Kindt & van den Hout, 2003; Kindt et al., 2005; Moulds & Bryant, 2005; Zoellner et al., 2002), with only two studies out of seven finding consistent positive relationships (Halligan et al., 2003; Harvey & Bryant, 1999).”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Zoellner, L. A., Alvarez‐Conrad, J., & Foa, E. B.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Corresponding author
- Zoellner, Lori A.
- Venue
- Journal of Traumatic Stress
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2002-02
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 49-57
- ISSN
- 0894-9867 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-6598
- OpenAlex
- W2068485071
- Semantic Scholar
- a0a6ba10fb893c06dc4f908c11a23c99888abf45
- Cited by
- 71
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 4.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Traumatic Stress (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01mh042173-03)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH042178, MH42173)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
- Keywords
- peritraumatic dissociation, trauma narratives, sexual assault, trauma pathology, reading ease
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Anxiety, Dissociative Disorders, Female, Humans, Memory, Rape, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
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