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The Cold Origin of Life: B. Implications Based on Pyrimidines and Purines Produced From Frozen Ammonium Cyanide Solutions
Abstract
A wide variety of pyrimidines and purines were identified as products of a dilute frozen ammonium cyanide solution that had been held at -78 degrees C for 27 years. This demonstrates that both pyrimidines and purines could have been produced on the primitive earth in a short time by eutectic concentration of HCN, even though the concentration of HCN in the primitive ocean may have been low. We suggest that eutectic freezing is the most plausible demonstrated mechanism by which HCN polymerizations could have produced biologically important prebiotic compounds.
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The rate at which different monomers are polymerized can vary by an order of magnitude.
“Second, the rate at which different monomers are polymerized can vary by an order of magnitude (6,17–20).”
From Prebiotically plausible mechanisms increase compositional diversity of nucleic acid sequences (2012) · cites this paper as [6]
A concentrated eutectic phase solution of ammonium cyanide yields significantly more adenine than guanine, uracil and cytosine (roughly 10× or more).
“For example, a concentrated eutectic phase solution of ammonium cyanide yields significantly more adenine than guanine, uracil and cytosine (roughly 10× or more) (6).”
From Prebiotically plausible mechanisms increase compositional diversity of nucleic acid sequences (2012) · cites this paper as [6]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Miyakawa, S., Cleaves, H. J., & Miller, S. L.
- Affiliations
- Yokohama National University (JP)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- ORCID
- Cleaves, H. James
- Venue
- Origins of life and evolution of the biosphere
- Published
- 2002-06
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 209-218
- ISSN
- 0169-6149 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-0875
- OpenAlex
- W1570440484
- Cited by
- 174
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 4.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Origins and Evolution of Life
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Space Science and Extraterrestrial Life
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
- Keywords
- origin of life, pyrimidines, purines, ammonium cyanide, frozen solutions, prebiotic chemistry, early Earth, nucleobase synthesis
- MeSH terms
- Origin of Life, Cold Temperature, Cyanides, Purines, Pyrimidines, Solutions
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