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Contingency-competence-control? Related beliefs and symptoms of anxiety and depression in a young adolescent sample
Abstract
The present study examined the connection between contingency-competence-control-related beliefs, on the one hand, and anxiety and depression, on the other hand, in a large sample of young adolescents aged 10 to 14 years (N = 214). Participants completed measures of perceived contingency, competence, and control, as well as a questionnaire assessing symptoms of common anxiety disorders and major depressive disorder. Results showed that contingency-competence-control-related beliefs were intercorrelated and that these beliefs, in turn, were significantly associated with symptoms of anxiety and depression. Structural equation modeling provided support for a model in which perceived contingency and perceived competence predicted perceived control and in which perceived competence (anxiety and depression) and perceived control (depression only), in turn, predicted symptoms of psychopathology. A prospective test of this model indicated that none of the contingency-competence-control-related beliefs was able to predict symptoms of anxiety and depression at 4-weeks follow-up. However, data also demonstrated that perceived competence significantly contributed to the subjective experience of anxiety and depression on both occasions.
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There is a growing body of empirical support for the theory that lowered child perceived competence is related to higher levels of anxiety.
“Likewise, there is a growing body of empirical support for the theory that lowered child perceived competence is related to higher levels of anxiety (Muris et al., 2003; Teachman and Allen, 2007).”
From A Systematic Review of “Helicopter Parenting” and Its Relationship With Anxiety and Depression (2022) · cites this paper as Muris et al., 2003
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Metadata
- Authors
- Muris, P., Schouten, E., Meesters, C., & Gijsbers, H.
- Affiliations
- Maastricht University (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Muris, Peter
- Venue
- Child Psychiatry and Human Development
- Published
- 2003-06
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 325-339
- ISSN
- 0009-398X (ISSN-L)
- 1573-3327
- OpenAlex
- W1553310955
- Cited by
- 42
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 3 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 2.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Child Psychiatry & Human Development (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
- Keywords
- competence beliefs, control beliefs, perceived control, perceived competence, anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, early adolescents, psychopathology, prospective prediction
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Anxiety, Child, Culture, Depression, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Self Concept, Self Efficacy
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