Cited by 2,092Quality of Life MeasurementPsychological Well-being and Life SatisfactionSustainable Development and Environmental Policy

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MEASURING QUALITY OF LIFE: ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND SUBJECTIVE INDICATORS

Diener, Ed, Suh, Eunkook·1997·Social Indicators Research

DOI 10.1023/a:1006859511756

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Subjective Well-Being
Diener, E. (1984) · Social indicators research series · doi:10.1007/978-90-481-2350-6_2 · Cited by 12,609
Self-citation
ФАКТОРЫ ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО БЛАГОПОЛУЧИЯ ЛЮДЕЙ ПОЖИЛОГО ВОЗРАСТА
Р., Н. М., & Ю., Б. С. (2026) · CyberLeninK (CyberLeninka) · doi:10.60797/irj.2026.170.43 · Cited by 7,969
The Structure of Psychological Well-Being.
Mechanic, D., & Bradburn, N. M. (1970) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2093340 · Cited by 4,925
Will raising the incomes of all increase the happiness of all
Easterlin, R. (1995) · Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization · doi:10.1016/0167-2681(95)00003-b · Cited by 3,202
Influence of extraversion and neuroticism on subjective well-being: Happy and unhappy people
Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1980) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.38.4.668 · Cited by 2,652 · cited 1×
“Major personality traits that are associated with SWB are extraversion and neuroticism (Costa and McCrae, 1980; Diener et al., 1992), optimism (Scheier and Carver, 1993), and self-esteem (Campbell, 1981; Diener and Diener, 1995).”
Background
Influence of extraversion and neuroticism on subjective well-being: Happy and unhappy people.
Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1980) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.38.4.668 · Cited by 2,648
The independence of positive and negative affect.
Diener, E., & Emmons, R. A. (1984) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.47.5.1105 · Cited by 2,414
Self-citation
Social Indicators of Well-Being: Americans' Perceptions of Life Quality
Andrews, F. M., & Withey, S. B. (1976) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 2,409
Who Is Happy?
Myers, D. G., & Diener, E. (1995) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1995.tb00298.x · Cited by 2,383
Self-citation
Assessing Subjective Well-Being: Progress and Opportunities
Diener, E. (1994) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/bf01207052 · Cited by 2,317
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Bradburn, N.: 1969, The Structure of PsychologicalWell-Being (Aldine, Chicago).
Diener, E. and F. Fujita: 1996, 'The beautiful theory and the ugly facts: Imposed social comparisons and subjective well-being', in B. Buunk and R. Gibbons (eds.), Health, Coping, and Social Comparison (Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ).
Land, K. C.: 1996, 'Social indicators and the quality of life: Where do we stand in the mid-1990s?', SINET 45, pp. 5–8.
Lears, J. F.: 1996, 'Quality of Life Index', International Living 15, p. 1, pp. 9–18.
Schwartz, S. H.: 1994, 'Beyond individualism and collectivism: New cultural dimensions of values', in U. Kim, H. C. Triandis, C. Kagitcibasi, C. Choi and G. Yoon (eds.), Individualismand Collectivism: Theory, Method, and Applications (Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA), pp. 85–102.
Suh, E.: 1994, Emotion Norms, Value, Familiarity, and Subjective Well-Being: A Cross-Cultural Examination. M.A. Thesis. University of Illinois, Champaign. Department of Psychology.
United Nations: 1991, Compendium of Social Statistics and Indicators: 1988 (United Nations Department of International Economics and Social Affairs, New York).

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Background
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“These indicators assess living conditions (Browne et al., 1994; Diener & Suh, 1997), and are normative to a population or group (Cummins, 1997a).”
Background
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Background
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“This focus on present emotional regulation could explain the so-called phenomenon of “well-being in old age” (Diener & Suh, 1997), which refers to the high levels of emotional wellbeing found in older adult samples (Charles, Reynolds, & Gatz, 2001) despite the many agerelated losses (e.g.…”
Background
Tourism and Resident Well-Being: Balancing Economic Gains, Social Dynamics, and Environmental Challenges Across Urban and Rural Divides
Croes, R. R., Park, J., & Bonilla, J. (2024) · Tourism and Hospitality · doi:10.3390/tourhosp5040068 · Cited by 15
Social Media Vs. Users’ Wellbeing and the Role of Personal Factors: A Study on Arab and British Samples
Cemiloglu, D., Alshakhsi, S. A. A., Babiker, A., Naiseh, M., Al‐Thani, D., & Ali, R. (2025) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2025.2480909 · Cited by 11
“Hedonic models of wellbeing emphasize the role of positive emotions and subjective experiences in determining wellbeing (Diener, 1984; Diener & Suh, 1997).”
Perceived Quality of Life Research on Children and Youth: Implications for a System of National Indicators
Huebner, E. S., Antaramian, S. P., & Heffner, A. L. (2012) · Children's well-being · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-4092-1_5 · Cited by 9
Sport for the Subjective Dimensions of Quality of Life
Peráčková, J., & Peráček, P. (2019) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.88209 · Cited by 9
Variables affecting social-emotional development, academic grit and subjective well-being of fourth-grade primary school students
BOZGÜN, K., & Kösterelioğlu, M. A. (2020) · Educational Research and Reviews · doi:10.5897/err2020.4025 · Cited by 10
“School satisfaction explains subjective well-being in school (Diener and Suh, 1997; Haranin et al., 2007).”
Background
A cross-cultural study to explore the differential impacts of online social capital on psychosocial outcomes
Selim, H. A., Scott, G. G., & Kaye, L. K. (2021) · Computers in Human Behavior Reports · doi:10.1016/j.chbr.2021.100087 · Cited by 9
“…main questionnaire included measures of online social capital (Williams, 2006), identity Motives (Vignoles, 2011), self-presentation strategies (Selim, Long, & Vignoles, 2016), happiness (Lyubomirsky & Lepper, 1999), satisfaction with life (Diener, 1997; Pavot, 1993) and loneliness (Russell, 1996).”
Background
A Model of Subjective Well-Being of a Teacher in the Context of the Safety of Educational Environment
Gilemkhanova, E. N., Khusainova, R. M., Lushpaeva, I. I., & Khairutdinova, M. R. (2022) · Education & Self Development · doi:10.26907/esd.17.4.20 · Cited by 13
Convergence Analysis of Cross-Province Human Well-Being in China: A Spatiotemporal Perspective
Jiang, L., Chen, Y., Liang, W., & Zhang, B. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20031858 · Cited by 9
“subjective and objective well-being are not antagonistic relationships but complementary to each other, therefore, well-being levels should be evaluated in the combination of the two [17].”
Background
Sensory impairments and subjective well-being status in middle-aged and older Chinese population: Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of a nationally representative survey
Zhou, Y., Lü, Y., Liu, Y., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1099754 · Cited by 9
“Traduttore, Traditore” One More Time: Happy Well-Being Index
Akande, A., & Akande, T. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-17203-8_39 · Cited by 9
Quality of Life and Environmentally Responsible Behavior in Energy Sector
Makarenko, D., & Štreimikienė, D. (2014) · Guoji zhengzhi yanjiu · doi:10.14254/2071-8330.2014/7-3/17 · Cited by 9
“Sustainable consumption and environmentally responsible behavior provides for sustainable development and increase of quality of life which can be considered as the most broad aim of sustainable development (Diener and Eunkook, 1997).”
Background
Community Amenity Measurement for the Great Fly-Over Zones
Besser, T. L., Miller, N. J., & Malik, R. (2011) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-011-9813-x · Cited by 9
“The majority of research on amenities is at the national level (for example, Diener and Suh 1997; Veenhoven 2005; Wallace and Pichler 2009), county level (Beale and Johnson 1998; Deller et al. 2001, 2005; McGranahan 1999; Nord and Cromartie 1997; Veenhoven 2005), or commuter zone level of analysis (Goe and Green 2005).”
Background
A Predictive Determinant of Quality of Life among Homestay Program Participants in Malaysia
Amin, A., Salleh, A. M. M., Muda, M. S., et al. (2013) · Asian Social Science · doi:10.5539/ass.v9n3p33 · Cited by 9
“Whereas the subjective of quality of life is about the emotional and value-laden, surrounding factors as life satisfaction, happiness, feelings of well-being, and beliefs about one’s standard of living (Davidson & Cotter,1991; Diener & Suh,1997; Dissart & Deller, 2000).”
Background
Engineering human capital: A system of systems modeling approach
Folds, D. J., & Thompson, V. M. (2013) · International Conference on System of Systems Engineering · doi:10.1109/sysose.2013.6575281 · Cited by 9
Ethnic Tourism and Resident Quality-of-Life
Yang, L., & Xiang, L. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-2288-0_22 · Cited by 9
Conceptual Framework for the Development of an Indicator System for the Assessment of Regional Land Subsidence Disaster Vulnerability
Chen, Y. (2016) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su8080757 · Cited by 9
“The indicators are created for a better understanding of the land subsidence and its vulnerability by condensing this complex system into simple terms through numerical data [10,11].”
Background
Quality of life in Italian cities: a temporal comparison between before the crisis and after
Bonatti, G., Ivaldi, E., & Soliani, R. (2017) · International Journal of Social Economics · doi:10.1108/ijse-10-2014-0214 · Cited by 11
LIFE SATISFACTION AND HAPPINESS WITH REGARD TO HUMAN CAPITAL AND RELIGIOSITY IN TURKEY
Sönmez, A., & Sönmez, Ö. A. (2018) · Bingöl Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi · doi:10.29029/busbed.422920 · Cited by 8
“Some studies have shown that an increase in income does not have any effect on happiness (Easterlin, 1995), while some show that rising income affects happiness positively (Diener and Suh, 1997; Blanchflower and Oswald, 2004).”
Background
How does time pressure influence emotional wellbeing? Investigating the roles of domain satisfaction and neuroticism among small-business owners
Connolly, F. F., Sevä, I. J., & Gärling, T. (2020) · International Journal of Wellbeing · doi:10.5502/ijw.v10i2.805 · Cited by 9
“In previous studies, subjective wellbeing is often conceptualized as having two components: a cognitive judgment of satisfaction with life; and affective experiences of positive versus negative emotions (Busseri & Sadava, 2011; Diener & Suh, 1997; Tov, 2018).”
Background
A spatial study of quality of life in the USA
Amin, R., Rivera-Muñiz, B., & Guttmann, R. P. (2021) · SN Social Sciences · doi:10.1007/s43545-021-00111-y · Cited by 9
The Predictive Role of Teacher Candidates' Life Satisfaction and Communication Skills on Academic Success
Ateş, B., & SAĞAR, M. E. (2021) · Journal of Family Counseling and Education · doi:10.32568/jfce.1032814 · Cited by 9
The greener, the happier? The effects of greenspace on residents' happiness in contemporary urban China
He, G., He, L., Zhang, B., Ge, T., & Chen, Y. (2022) · Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1002/jcop.22798 · Cited by 10
What Affects Emotional Well-Being during Travel? Identifying the Factors by Maximal Information Coefficient
Ma, Y., Chen, S., Khattak, A. J., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19074326 · Cited by 9
“The balance of positive affect and negative affect during people’s daily activities is defined as emotional well-being (EWB) [9].”
Background
ESTILOS DE ENSEÑANZA: CONCEPTUALIZACIÓN E INVESTIGACIÓN. (EN FUNCIÓN DE LOS ESTILOS DE APRENDIZAJE DE ALONSO, GALLEGO Y HONEY)
Geijo, P. M. (2009) · Revista de Estilos de Aprendizaje · doi:10.55777/rea.v2i3.874 · Cited by 9
Le classement des villes dans l'économie du savoir : une analyse intégrée des régions urbaines canadiennes et américaines
Polèse, M., & Tremblay, R. (2005) · Canadian Geographies / Géographies canadiennes · doi:10.1111/j.0008-3658.2005.00089.x · Cited by 9
Personality and health in middle age as predictors for well-being and health in old age
Perrig-Chiello, P., Jaeggi, S., Buschkuehl, M., Stähelin, H., & Perrig, W. (2009) · European Journal of Ageing · doi:10.1007/s10433-008-0102-8 · Cited by 11
“This finding might be helpful to explain the paradox of well-being in old age, which states that psychological well-being does not seem to decrease despite increasing losses of physical, cognitive and social resources (Diener and Suh 1997).”
Background
Beyond Materialism: The Role of Health-Related Beliefs in the Relationship Between Television Viewing and Life Satisfaction Among College Students
Ye, Y. (2010) · Mass Communication & Society · doi:10.1080/15205430903296069 · Cited by 9
“Finally, along with social and economic indicators such as levels of crime and Gross National Product, life satisfaction can be an indicator of quality of life (Diener & Suh, 1997 ).”
Background
What does the pursuit of a high quality of life entail?: Grounding a theoretical model in lived experience
Mickel, A. E., Dallimore, E. J., & Nelson, C. (2008) · Community Work & Family · doi:10.1080/13668800802151174 · Cited by 9
“Similarly, Diener and Suh ( 1997 ) and Vitterso ( 2004 ) view well-being as one component of the broader concept of quality of life.”
Background

Authors: Diener, E., & Suh, E.
Affiliations: University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
ORCID: Diener, Ed
Suh, Eunkook
Venue: Social Indicators Research
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 1997-01
Volume: 40
Issue: 1-2
Pages: 189-216
ISSN: 0303-8300 (ISSN-L)
1573-0921
DOI: 10.1023/a:1006859511756
OpenAlex: W2153621036
Semantic Scholar: c068312ebaa8742299008d37f57cdce5f960a26a
Cited by: 2,092
References: 50
Citations by year: 2026: 68 · 2025: 109 · 2024: 98 · 2023: 115 · 2022: 81 · 2021: 129 · 2020: 133 · 2019: 118 · 2018: 94 · 2017: 111 · 2016: 94 · 2015: 105 · 2014: 99 · 2013: 100 · 2012: 97
FWCI: 45.75
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (tdm)
www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (vor)
Locations: Social Indicators Research (publishedVersion)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Quality of Life Measurement
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law › Sustainable Development and Environmental Policy
Keywords: quality of life, well-being measurement, subjective well-being, social indicators, economic indicators, crime, normative ideals, good life, policy evaluation

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